P2RY  - Purinergic Receptor P2Y | Elisa - Clia - Antibody - Protein

Background:

The Purinergic Receptor P2Y (P2RY) is a family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that respond to extracellular nucleotides, such as ATP, ADP, UTP, and UDP. P2RY receptors are part of the purinergic receptor family, which includes P2X receptors (ligand-gated ion channels) and P2Y receptors (GPCRs). P2RY receptors mediate cellular responses to extracellular nucleotides and play roles in various physiological processes. P2RY receptors are expressed in various tissues and cell types, including neurons, immune cells, epithelial cells, and smooth muscle cells, where they regulate cellular functions and signaling pathways. P2RY receptors are activated by extracellular nucleotides, primarily ATP, ADP, UTP, and UDP, released from cells in response to mechanical stress, injury, or cellular activation.In summary, the Purinergic Receptor P2Y (P2RY) family comprises GPCRs that respond to extracellular nucleotides and regulate diverse physiological processes in the nervous system, immune system, cardiovascular system, and other organs. Dysregulation of P2RY signaling is implicated in various pathological conditions, making P2RY receptors promising therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory disorders, and neurological disorders.

Structural Features:

• P2RY receptors are typical GPCRs with seven transmembrane domains, an extracellular N-terminus, and an intracellular C-terminus.
• They exhibit structural diversity and pharmacological selectivity, allowing for specific responses to different nucleotide ligands.

Subtypes and Classification:

• The P2RY family includes several subtypes, including P2RY1, P2RY2, P2RY4, P2RY6, P2RY11, P2RY12, P2RY13, P2RY14, and others.
• Each subtype has distinct ligand specificity, tissue distribution, and signaling properties.

Physiological Functions:

• Neurotransmission: P2RY receptors regulate neurotransmitter release, synaptic transmission, and neuronal excitability in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
• Immune Responses: P2RY receptors modulate immune cell function, including chemotaxis, cytokine release, and inflammatory responses, influencing innate and adaptive immune responses.
• Platelet Aggregation: P2RY receptors on platelets regulate platelet activation, aggregation, and thrombus formation in hemostasis and vascular injury.
• Smooth Muscle Contraction: P2RY receptors mediate smooth muscle contraction in various organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, bladder, and blood vessels.

Clinical Implications:

• Cardiovascular Diseases: Dysregulation of P2RY signaling is implicated in cardiovascular diseases such as thrombosis, hypertension, and atherosclerosis.
• Inflammatory Disorders: Aberrant P2RY signaling contributes to inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, and allergic reactions.
• Neurological Disorders: Altered P2RY function is associated with neurological disorders such as epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Therapeutic Potential:

• Drug Development: P2RY agonists and antagonists are being developed as potential therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory disorders, and neurological disorders.
• Precision Medicine: Targeting specific P2RY subtypes may offer personalized treatment strategies tailored to individual disease states and patient profiles.