Human P2Y Purinoceptor 1 (P2RY1) Protein

Background

P2RY1 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that binds extracellular nucleotides such as ADP, acting as a key player in platelet aggregation, neurotransmission, and vascular tone. It couples to Gq proteins, activating phospholipase C (PLC) and increasing intracellular calcium levels, which triggers platelet activation and aggregation in response to ADP. P2RY1 is widely expressed in platelets, the central nervous system, and endothelial cells, where it regulates hemostasis, blood clot formation, and vasodilation. In the CNS, P2RY1 modulates neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. Dysregulation of P2RY1 signaling is associated with thrombosis, stroke, and neuroinflammatory conditions. P2RY1 antagonists are being developed as antithrombotic agents to prevent clot formation in cardiovascular diseases. Its critical role in platelet function, vascular regulation, and neuroprotection highlights P2RY1 as a therapeutic target for thrombotic disorders and neurological diseases.