LGR - Leucine Rich Repeat Containing G Protein-Coupled Receptor | Elisa - Clia - Antibody - Protein

Background

Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptors (LGRs) are a subgroup of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily characterized by the presence of leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) in their extracellular domains. LGRs play diverse roles in various physiological processes, including development, reproduction, metabolism, and homeostasis. In summary, leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptors (LGRs) play diverse roles in development, reproduction, metabolism, and homeostasis. Dysregulation of LGR signaling is implicated in various clinical conditions, making LGRs potential targets for therapeutic intervention across a range of disorders.

Structural Features:

LGRs typically consist of an extracellular N-terminal domain containing multiple leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a seven-transmembrane domain (7TM) region, and an intracellular C-terminal domain responsible for coupling with intracellular signaling proteins.

Classification:

LGRs are subdivided into three subfamilies based on sequence homology and structural features:

1.   LGR1 Subfamily: Includes LGR1 (also known as LGR4), LGR5, and LGR6, which are involved in Wnt signaling, stem cell regulation, and tissue development.

2.   LGR2 Subfamily: Includes LGR7 (also known as RXFP1) and LGR8 (also known as RXFP2), which are receptors for relaxin peptides and play roles in reproduction, cardiovascular function, and relaxation of smooth muscle.

3.   LGR3 Subfamily: Includes LGR3 (also known as RXFP3), LGR4 (also known as RXFP4), and LGR9 (also known as RXFP4), which are receptors for insulin-like peptides and are involved in metabolic regulation and energy homeostasis.

 Physiological Functions:

1.   Development and Tissue Homeostasis: LGRs in the LGR1 subfamily are implicated in tissue development, stem cell regulation, and tissue homeostasis. For example, LGR5 is a marker of adult stem cells in various tissues, including the intestine, hair follicles, and stomach.

2.   Reproduction and Endocrine Regulation: LGRs in the LGR2 subfamily, such as LGR7 and LGR8, are receptors for relaxin peptides, which play roles in reproductive physiology, including gamete maturation, pregnancy, and parturition. LGR3 subfamily members are receptors for insulin-like peptides involved in metabolic regulation and energy homeostasis.

3.   Cardiovascular Function: LGR7 and LGR8 receptors are involved in cardiovascular function, including vasodilation, blood pressure regulation, and cardiovascular remodeling.

4.   Metabolic Regulation: LGR3 subfamily receptors play roles in metabolic regulation, glucose homeostasis, and energy balance, making them potential targets for metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity.

Clinical Implications:

1.   Reproductive Disorders: Dysregulation of LGR7 and LGR8 signaling may contribute to reproductive disorders such as infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and pregnancy complications.

2.   Metabolic Disorders: Alterations in LGR3 subfamily signaling have been associated with metabolic disorders such as diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome.

3.   Cardiovascular Diseases: Dysfunctional LGR7 and LGR8 signaling may contribute to cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, heart failure, and vascular dysfunction.

4.   Developmental Disorders: Mutations in LGR1 subfamily receptors have been implicated in developmental disorders and congenital anomalies.

Therapeutic Potential:

1.   Reproductive Medicine: Targeting LGR7 and LGR8 signaling pathways for the treatment of reproductive disorders, infertility, and pregnancy complications.

2.   Metabolic Therapeutics: Investigating LGR3 subfamily receptors as potential targets for metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity.

3.   Cardiovascular Interventions: Modulating LGR7 and LGR8 signaling for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and vascular dysfunction.

4.   Developmental Therapies: Exploring LGR1 subfamily receptors as targets for developmental disorders and congenital anomalies.