AIMP - Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex interacting multifunctional protein | Elisa - Clia - Antibody - Protein

Background:

The Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase Complex Interacting Multifunctional Protein (AIMP) is a group of proteins that interact with aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (ARSs). These proteins are essential components of the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis. AIMPs were initially discovered as auxiliary proteins that interact with ARSs to facilitate the charging of tRNAs with their corresponding amino acids, a critical step in protein synthesis. However, subsequent research has revealed that AIMPs have additional functions beyond their roles in translation. One of the most well-studied members of the AIMP family is AIMP1, also known as p43. AIMP1 was first identified as a cytokine-like factor with immunomodulatory properties. It plays roles in various cellular processes, including apoptosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis. AIMP1 has been implicated in the regulation of immune responses and has been associated with autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, as well as with cancer. AIMP2 (also known as JTV1) and AIMP3 (also known as p18), have been shown to have roles in diverse cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. These proteins interact with ARSs and participate in various protein-protein interactions to exert their functions.

Protein Structure:

• AIMP1 (also known as EMAP II): This protein consists of approximately 312 amino acids and has an essential role in angiogenesis, immune responses, and apoptosis.
• AIMP2 (also known as p38/JTV-1): Comprised of 312 amino acids, it acts as a scaffold protein within the MSC and is involved in cellular stress responses and apoptosis.
• AIMP3 (also known as p18): This protein has about 152 amino acids and is important for the stability of the MSC and has a role in DNA repair mechanisms.

Classification and Subtypes:

• Protein Family: AIMPs belong to the family of auxiliary proteins associated with the multi-synthetase complex.
• Subtypes: There are three well-characterized AIMPs in humans:
• AIMP1 (EMAP II)
• AIMP2 (p38/JTV-1)
• AIMP3 (p18)

Function and Biological Significance:

• Stabilization of MSC: AIMPs help maintain the structural integrity of the multi-synthetase complex, ensuring efficient protein synthesis.
• Cell Signaling: AIMPs are involved in various signaling pathways. For instance, AIMP1 is known to act as a cytokine and plays a role in inflammation and immune responses.
• Cell Cycle and Apoptosis: AIMP2 is implicated in the regulation of the cell cycle and induction of apoptosis. It can interact with p53, a critical tumor suppressor protein, thereby influencing cell survival and death.
• DNA Repair: AIMP3 is involved in DNA repair processes and helps in maintaining genomic stability, particularly under stress conditions.

Interactions:

• tRNA Synthetases: AIMPs interact with different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases within the MSC, stabilizing the complex and facilitating protein synthesis.
• p53: AIMP2 interacts with the tumor suppressor protein p53, playing a role in apoptosis and cellular stress responses.
• Cytokines: AIMP1 can act as a cytokine and interact with other cytokines and their receptors, influencing immune and inflammatory responses.

Clinical Issues:

• Cancer: Dysregulation of AIMPs, particularly AIMP2, is associated with various cancers. Overexpression or mutation can lead to abnormal cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. AIMP3's role in DNA repair links it to cancer prevention, and its dysfunction can contribute to genomic instability.
• Inflammatory Diseases: AIMP1, acting as a cytokine, is involved in inflammatory processes. Abnormal levels can lead to chronic inflammatory diseases.
• Neurodegenerative Diseases: AIMPs are also implicated in neurodegenerative conditions due to their roles in cellular homeostasis and stress responses.

Summary:

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex interacting multifunctional proteins (AIMPs) are crucial auxiliary proteins that stabilize and regulate the multi-synthetase complex (MSC) essential for protein synthesis. Beyond their roles in translation, AIMPs are involved in various cellular processes, including signaling, apoptosis, and DNA repair. They interact with multiple proteins, including tRNA synthetases and the tumor suppressor p53, influencing cell survival, immune responses, and genomic stability. Dysregulation of AIMPs is linked to several clinical conditions, such as cancer, inflammatory diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding the diverse functions and interactions of AIMPs is vital for developing therapeutic strategies for these diseases.