MRGPRX - MAS related GPR family member X | Elisa - Clia - Antibody - Protein

Background:

The MAS-related G protein-coupled receptor (MRGPR) family is a group of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) characterized by their structural similarity to the MAS1 receptor and their expression in sensory neurons, particularly in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and trigeminal ganglia. MRGPRs are involved in nociception, itch sensation, and neurogenic inflammation. Here's an overview of the MRGPR family, including its types and subtypes:

Types of MRGPRs:

1.   MRGPRX (X-type MRGPRs):

·        The X-type MRGPRs are the largest subgroup of the MRGPR family and are primarily expressed in sensory neurons.

·        They respond to a variety of endogenous and exogenous ligands, including neuropeptides, drugs, and toxins.

·        Subtypes within the MRGPRX group include MRGPRX1, MRGPRX2, MRGPRX3, MRGPRX4, and MRGPRX5.

2.   MRGPRY (Y-type MRGPRs):

·        The Y-type MRGPRs are a smaller subgroup of the MRGPR family.

·        MRGPRY1 is the only member of this subtype identified so far and is expressed predominantly in human mast cells.

·        It is involved in mast cell activation and degranulation in response to various stimuli, including neuropeptides and antimicrobial peptides.

Subtypes and Expression:

1.   MRGPRX1:

·        Expressed in small-diameter sensory neurons in the DRG and trigeminal ganglia.

·        Responds to various pruritogens (itch-inducing substances) and algogens (pain-inducing substances).

·        Implicated in itch sensation, pain modulation, and neurogenic inflammation.

2.   MRGPRX2:

·        Expressed in sensory neurons, mast cells, and other immune cells.

·        Activated by basic peptides, antimicrobial peptides, and various cationic molecules.

·        Plays a role in itch sensation, neurogenic inflammation, and mast cell activation.

3.   MRGPRX3:

·        Expressed in sensory neurons, particularly those innervating the skin and gastrointestinal tract.

·        Responds to various pruritogens and algogens.

·        Implicated in itch sensation and pain processing.

4.   MRGPRX4:

·        Expressed in sensory neurons, particularly in the DRG.

·        Role in modulating pain sensitivity and neurogenic inflammation.

5.   MRGPRX5:

·        Expressed in sensory neurons, particularly in the DRG and trigeminal ganglia.

·        Involved in nociception and pain modulation.

6.   MRGPRY1:

·        Expressed in human mast cells.

·        Activated by neuropeptides and antimicrobial peptides.

·        Plays a role in mast cell degranulation and allergic responses.

Physiological Functions:

·        MRGPRs are involved in mediating sensory responses to various stimuli, including itch sensation, pain perception, and neurogenic inflammation.

·        They play roles in modulating immune responses, mast cell activation, and allergic reactions.

·        MRGPRs contribute to the detection and response to harmful substances, pathogens, and environmental irritants.

Clinical Implications:

·        Dysregulation of MRGPR signaling is implicated in chronic itch conditions, neuropathic pain, and inflammatory disorders.

·        MRGPRs are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of itch, pain, and inflammatory conditions.

Therapeutic Potential:

·        Developing selective agonists or antagonists targeting MRGPRs for the treatment of itch, pain, and inflammatory disorders.

·        Investigating the role of MRGPR signaling pathways in various diseases and identifying potential drug candidates for clinical development.

Summary:

MRGPR family consists of X-type and Y-type receptors expressed in sensory neurons and immune cells, playing roles in nociception, itch sensation, neurogenic inflammation, and immune modulation. Each subtype exhibits distinct expression patterns and responds to specific ligands, contributing to their diverse physiological functions and potential clinical implications. Further research into MRGPR biology and pharmacology may lead to the development of novel therapeutics for itch, pain, and inflammatory disorders.