DYNLL - dynein light chain LC8-type 1 | Elisa - Clia - Antibody - Protein

Background

Dynein light chain LC8-type (DYNLL) is a highly conserved and multifunctional protein involved in a variety of cellular processes. It plays a critical role in the dynein motor complex, which is responsible for the transport of various intracellular cargoes along microtubules. DYNLL is ubiquitously expressed in many organisms, reflecting its fundamental importance. The protein is also implicated in non-motor functions, including signal transduction, apoptosis, and transcriptional regulation. Its versatility is partly due to its ability to interact with numerous binding partners.

Protein Structure

• Molecular Weight: Approximately 10 kDa.
• Domains: DYNLL contains a single LC8 domain.
• Dimerization: DYNLL functions as a homodimer, a structure essential for its interaction with various target proteins.
• Binding Sites: Each dimer has two binding sites that recognize a specific sequence motif found in many DYNLL-interacting proteins.

Classification and Subtypes

DYNLL proteins are part of the LC8-type dynein light chain family. The human genome encodes two closely related LC8 proteins: DYNLL1 and DYNLL2. These proteins share significant sequence and functional similarities but may have distinct roles in specific tissues or cellular contexts.

Function and Biological Significance

• Intracellular Transport: DYNLL is a component of the cytoplasmic dynein complex, which transports organelles, vesicles, and other cargoes towards the minus end of microtubules, usually directed towards the cell center.
• Signal Transduction: DYNLL interacts with a variety of signaling proteins, influencing pathways that control cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis.
• Apoptosis Regulation: Through its interactions with apoptotic regulators, DYNLL modulates cell survival and programmed cell death.
• Transcriptional Regulation: DYNLL is involved in the regulation of gene expression by interacting with transcription factors and other nuclear proteins.
• Cell Division: It plays a role in mitotic spindle formation and chromosome segregation, ensuring accurate cell division.

Clinical Issues

• Cancer: Aberrant expression or mutation of DYNLL can contribute to tumorigenesis by affecting cell division and apoptosis pathways.
• Neurodegenerative Diseases: Dysfunctions in DYNLL-related transport mechanisms are linked to neurodegenerative disorders, where the transport of essential proteins and organelles is impaired.
• Developmental Disorders: Defects in DYNLL function can result in developmental abnormalities due to its critical role in cellular processes during growth and differentiation.

Summary

Dynein light chain LC8-type (DYNLL) is an essential and multifunctional protein involved in intracellular transport, signal transduction, apoptosis, and transcriptional regulation. Structurally, it forms homodimers that interact with numerous partners, facilitating various cellular functions. The protein's ubiquitous expression and conservation underscore its significance in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of DYNLL is associated with several pathological conditions, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and developmental disorders, highlighting its critical role in health and disease.