KCTD - BTB/POZ domain-containing protein | Elisa - Clia - Antibody - Protein

Background:

The KCa Channel Tetramerization Domain (KCTD) family comprises proteins containing the BTB/POZ (Broad-complex, Tramtrack, and Bric-a-brac/Poxvirus and Zinc finger) domain, which are involved in diverse cellular processes, including ion channel regulation, ubiquitination, and transcriptional regulation. KCTD proteins were initially identified based on sequence homology to the Drosophila BTB/POZ domain-containing proteins. KCTD proteins typically consist of a BTB/POZ domain near the N-terminus, followed by a variable region and, in some cases, additional domains such as T1 tetramerization domains.

KCTD proteins are ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and cell types throughout the body, with differential expression patterns observed in different cell types and developmental stages.

Structural Features:

• BTB/POZ Domain: This domain is involved in protein-protein interactions and often functions as a protein-protein interaction module, facilitating the assembly of multiprotein complexes.
• T1 Tetramerization Domain: Some KCTD proteins contain a T1 domain, which mediates the formation of tetrameric complexes, particularly in the regulation of potassium ion channels.

Subtypes and Classification:

The KCTD family comprises multiple members, with over 20 identified in humans. Some well-characterized KCTD proteins include KCTD1, KCTD5, KCTD6, KCTD12, and KCTD15.

Physiological Functions:

• Ion Channel Regulation: Several KCTD proteins, such as KCTD1 and KCTD12, have been shown to modulate the activity of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels and G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels.
• Ubiquitination and Protein Degradation: Certain KCTD proteins, including KCTD5 and KCTD13, function as substrate adaptors for Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL) complexes, targeting specific proteins for ubiquitination and degradation.
• Transcriptional Regulation: Some KCTD proteins, such as KCTD15, interact with transcriptional regulators and modulate gene expression in various cellular contexts.

Clinical Implications:

• Neurological Disorders: Dysregulation of KCTD protein function has been implicated in neurological disorders such as epilepsy, where mutations in KCTD7 have been associated with a rare form of the disease.
• Cancer: Altered expression of KCTD proteins has been observed in various cancers, with some members acting as tumor suppressors or oncogenes depending on the context.

Therapeutic Potential:

• Drug Targets: KCTD proteins represent potential drug targets for the modulation of ion channel activity and other cellular processes implicated in disease pathogenesis.

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