ICAM2 - Intercellular adhesion molecule 2 | Elisa - Clia - Antibody - Protein

Background:

ntercellular Adhesion Molecule 2 (ICAM-2) is protein involved in cell adhesion and immune responses, similar to ICAM-1. ICAM-2, like ICAM-1, is a glycoprotein. It contains two immunoglobulin-like domains in its extracellular portion, which are involved in interactions with other molecules. ICAM-2 is also involved in leukocyte adhesion, particularly in the extravasation process . Unlike ICAM-1, which is expressed on various cell types, ICAM-2 is mainly found on endothelial cells and certain immune cells. It can also be expressed on red blood cells, platelets, and some other cell types. ICAM-2 is involved in maintaining vascular integrity, helping to regulate the movement of cells across endothelial barriers. Icam2 also contribute to the activation of immune cells like T cells, influencing their function in immune responses. ICAM-2 has been implicated in various inflammatory diseases, though its role is not as well-studied or understood as ICAM-1. Diseases such as multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease have been associated with changes in ICAM-2 expression.

Protein Structure:

ICAM-2 is a transmembrane glycoprotein consisting of five immunoglobulin-like domains in its extracellular region. It is structurally similar to other members of the ICAM family and has a single transmembrane domain followed by a short cytoplasmic tail.

Classification and Subtypes:

ICAM-2 is one of several intercellular adhesion molecules, including ICAM-1, ICAM-3, ICAM-4, and ICAM-5. These molecules are classified based on their role in cell adhesion and their structural characteristics.

Function and Biological Significance:

ICAM-2 primarily mediates adhesion and signal transduction between endothelial cells and leukocytes. It interacts with integrins, particularly LFA-1 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1) and Mac-1 (macrophage-1 antigen), facilitating the firm adhesion and transmigration of leukocytes through the endothelium. This process is crucial in immune surveillance, inflammation, and response to infection or injury.

Interactions:

ICAM-2 interacts with integrins, including LFA-1 and Mac-1, which are present on leukocytes. These interactions enable leukocytes to adhere to endothelial cells and migrate to sites of inflammation or injury. ICAM-2 also plays a role in signaling pathways that regulate cell shape, motility, and immune responses.

Clinical Issues:

Alterations in ICAM-2 expression or function can impact immune responses and inflammation. Overexpression or dysregulation of ICAM-2 has been implicated in various pathological conditions, including chronic inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, and cancer metastasis. Therapeutic targeting of ICAM-2 interactions holds potential for modulating immune responses and treating inflammatory conditions.

Summary:

ICAM-2 is a critical adhesion molecule involved in the immune response, facilitating leukocyte adhesion and migration across endothelial cells. Its role in inflammation and immune regulation makes it a significant molecule for studying pathological conditions and developing therapeutic strategies. Understanding ICAM-2 interactions and functions helps in designing interventions for diseases involving immune dysregulation and inflammation.