CMKLR - Chemerin chemokine-like receptor | Elisa - Clia - Antibody - Protein

Background

Chemerin receptors, also known as ChemR23 (CMKLR1) and GPR1 (GPR1/GPRCMKLR1), are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that respond to the adipokine chemerin. These receptors play diverse roles in various physiological processes, including immune modulation, inflammation, adipogenesis, and metabolic regulation.Chemerin, a chemoattractant protein primarily produced by adipocytes and liver cells, serves as the endogenous ligand for chemerin receptors. It is involved in various physiological processes, including immune cell trafficking, adipocyte function, and metabolic regulation.

Structural Features

Chemerin receptors, like other GPCRs, possess seven transmembrane domains and have an extracellular N-terminus and an intracellular C-terminus. Upon ligand binding, conformational changes in the receptor initiate intracellular signaling cascades through interaction with heterotrimeric G proteins.

Subtypes and Classification

There are two primary subtypes of chemerin receptors:

1. ChemR23 (CMKLR1): This subtype is predominantly expressed in immune cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells, and plays a role in immune cell recruitment, inflammation, and adipocyte differentiation.
2. GPR1 (GPR1/GPRCMKLR1): This subtype is expressed in various tissues, including adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle, and is implicated in metabolic regulation, adipogenesis, and insulin sensitivity.

Physiological Functions:

Chemerin receptors mediate various physiological effects in different tissues and organ systems:

• Immune Modulation: Chemerin receptors play a role in immune cell recruitment, inflammation, and immune cell function, influencing processes such as T cell activation, macrophage polarization, and dendritic cell maturation.
• Metabolic Regulation: Chemerin receptors are implicated in metabolic processes, including adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and insulin sensitivity, suggesting potential roles in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.

Adipocyte Function

Chemerin receptors influence adipocyte differentiation, adipokine secretion, and adipose tissue inflammation, contributing to adipose tissue homeostasis and obesity-related complications.

Clinical Implications

Dysregulation of chemerin receptor signaling is associated with various pathological conditions:

1. Inflammatory Diseases: Altered chemerin receptor activity may contribute to inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
2. Metabolic Disorders: Dysfunctional chemerin signaling is implicated in metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
3. Cardiovascular Diseases: Changes in chemerin receptor expression or function may be involved in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and coronary artery disease.

Therapeutic Potential

Chemerin receptors represent potential targets for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Pharmacological modulation of chemerin receptor activity, either through agonists, antagonists, or allosteric modulators, holds promise for the development of novel therapies targeting these receptors.