NPFFR - Neuropeptide FF receptor | Elisa - Clia - Antibody - Protein

Background:

Neuropeptide FF Receptors (NPFFR), also known as NPFF receptors or GPR147, are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that bind to neuropeptide FF (NPFF) and related peptides. NPFFR is widely expressed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues and plays a role in modulating various physiological processes, including pain modulation, stress responses, cardiovascular function, and reproductive behavior.The primary ligands for Neuropeptide FF receptors are neuropeptide FF (NPFF) and related peptides, including NPFF, neuropeptide AF (NPAF), and neuropeptide SF (NPSF). These peptides bind to NPFF receptors and activate intracellular signaling pathways, leading to various physiological responses.

Structural Features:

NPFF receptors, like other GPCRs, possess seven transmembrane domains, an extracellular N-terminus, and an intracellular C-terminus. They also contain binding sites for G proteins, which initiate intracellular signaling upon receptor activation.

Subtypes and Classification

There are two known subtypes of Neuropeptide FF receptors: NPFFR1 and NPFFR2. These subtypes share significant sequence homology but exhibit differences in tissue distribution and signaling properties.

1.   NPFFR1: Predominantly expressed in the central nervous system, including regions involved in pain processing, stress responses, and cardiovascular regulation.

2.   NPFFR2: Expressed in both the central nervous system and peripheral tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract, adipose tissue, and reproductive organs. It plays a role in regulating pain perception, stress responses, and reproductive behavior.

Physiological Functions:

Neuropeptide FF receptors mediate a wide range of physiological functions, including:

• Modulation of pain perception: NPFF receptors are involved in modulating pain sensitivity and nociceptive signaling in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
• Regulation of stress responses: NPFF receptors regulate stress-related behaviors and neuroendocrine responses to stressors.
• Cardiovascular function: NPFF receptors influence cardiovascular regulation, including blood pressure regulation and heart rate modulation.
• Reproductive behavior: NPFF receptors play a role in regulating reproductive behavior and fertility, including sexual behavior and gonadotropin secretion.

Clinical Implications:

Dysregulation of Neuropeptide FF receptor signaling has been implicated in various disorders and conditions, including chronic pain, stress-related disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and reproductive disorders. Alterations in NPFFR expression or function can disrupt normal physiological processes, contributing to disease pathogenesis.

Therapeutic Potential:

Neuropeptide FF receptors have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of chronic pain, stress-related disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and reproductive disorders. Modulating NPFFR signaling with agonists or antagonists could offer therapeutic benefits by regulating pain perception, stress responses, cardiovascular function, and reproductive behavior. Several pharmacological agents targeting NPFF receptors are currently under investigation in preclinical and clinical studies as potential therapeutics. Selective modulation of specific Neuropeptide FF receptor subtypes may help minimize side effects and maximize therapeutic efficacy.