LRRFIP - LRR binding FLII interacting protein | Elisa - Clia - Antibody - Protein

Background

LRRFIP (Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) binding FLII interacting protein) is a multifunctional protein involved in various cellular processes. The LRRFIP family includes LRRFIP1, LRRFIP2, and GC-binding factor 2 (GCF2). These proteins interact with Flightless I (FLII), a cytoskeletal protein involved in actin remodeling. LRRFIP proteins are implicated in regulating transcription, inflammation, immune responses, and cell signaling pathways. Their expression and function are critical in maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to external stimuli.

Protein Structure

The LRRFIP proteins are characterized by several distinct structural features:

• Leucine-rich Repeats (LRRs): These motifs are involved in protein-protein interactions. They create a versatile binding surface for interacting with various partners, including FLII and components of signaling pathways.
• Nuclear Localization Signals (NLS): These signals direct the protein to the nucleus, where it can influence gene transcription.
• RNA-binding Domains: Some members of the LRRFIP family possess domains that enable them to bind RNA, suggesting roles in post-transcriptional regulation.

Classification and Subtypes

The LRRFIP family includes:

• LRRFIP1: Primarily involved in regulating gene expression and innate immune responses.
• LRRFIP2: Similar to LRRFIP1 but with distinct roles in modulating inflammation and cytoskeletal dynamics.
• GCF2 (GC-binding factor 2): Known for its role in repressing gene transcription.

Function and Biological Significance

LRRFIP proteins have diverse functions:

• Transcriptional Regulation: By interacting with transcription factors and chromatin, LRRFIP proteins modulate the expression of genes involved in inflammation, immune responses, and cell growth.
• Innate Immunity: LRRFIP1 and LRRFIP2 play crucial roles in the innate immune response by modulating the activity of key signaling molecules like NF-κB and interferon regulatory factors (IRFs).
• Actin Cytoskeleton Remodeling: Interaction with FLII and other cytoskeletal proteins implicates LRRFIP in the regulation of cell shape, motility, and division.
• Inflammatory Response: LRRFIP proteins can regulate inflammatory cytokine production, influencing processes like macrophage activation and pathogen defense.

Clinical Issues

Aberrations in LRRFIP protein function or expression are associated with several pathological conditions:

• Cancer: Dysregulation of LRRFIP proteins has been linked to various cancers, where they may influence tumor progression through effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis.
• Autoimmune Diseases: Given their role in immune regulation, mutations or altered expression of LRRFIP proteins can contribute to autoimmune pathologies by affecting inflammatory responses.
• Infections: As modulators of innate immunity, LRRFIP proteins are crucial in the response to infections, and their dysfunction can lead to inadequate pathogen defense or hyperinflammatory states.

Summary

LRRFIP (Leucine-rich repeat binding FLII interacting protein) family members, including LRRFIP1, LRRFIP2, and GCF2, are key regulators of transcription, immune responses, and cytoskeletal dynamics. Their multifunctional nature allows them to participate in diverse cellular processes, including gene expression regulation, actin remodeling, and inflammation modulation. Aberrant LRRFIP function is linked to various diseases, including cancer and autoimmune disorders. Understanding the roles and mechanisms of LRRFIP proteins can provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for these conditions.