ANXA3 - Annexin A3 | Elisa - Clia - Antibody - Protein

Background:

Annexin A3, commonly known as ANXA3, is a member of the annexin family of calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins. ANXA3, like other annexins, is involved in various cellular processes. ANXA3 likely participates in the organization and dynamics of cell membranes. It can bind to phospholipids, affecting membrane structure and function Annexins can interact with signaling molecules and pathways, influencing cell signaling cascades.ANXA3 may have anti-inflammatory properties, although the mechanisms are not fully understood.ANXA3 is expressed in various tissues, including the lung, liver, heart, and kidney. Its expression pattern suggests roles in these tissues, possibly related to membrane organization and cellular processes specific to these organs. ANXA3 has been implicated in cancer biology, particularly in gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. It may play roles in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Some research suggests ANXA3 may have implications in inflammatory disorders, although more studies are needed to understand its role fully.

Protein Structure:

• Core Domain: Like other annexins, ANXA3 has a conserved core domain composed of four annexin repeats. These repeats form a convex surface that binds calcium ions and a concave surface that interacts with phospholipids.
• N-terminal Domain: ANXA3 has a unique N-terminal region that distinguishes it from other annexins. This domain is involved in specific protein-protein interactions and can undergo post-translational modifications.

Classification and Subtypes:

ANXA3 belongs to the annexin family, which includes several other proteins (e.g., ANXA1, ANXA2, ANXA5). While there are no specific subtypes of ANXA3, it can exist in different functional forms depending on its state of phosphorylation and interaction with other cellular proteins.

Function and Biological Significance:

• Membrane Trafficking: ANXA3 is involved in the regulation of vesicle transport and membrane trafficking. It helps in the formation of vesicles and their movement within the cell.
• Inflammation: ANXA3 plays a role in inflammatory responses. It can modulate the activity of phospholipase A2, an enzyme involved in the production of inflammatory mediators.
• Cell Signaling: ANXA3 is implicated in various signaling pathways that control cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. It participates in the assembly of signaling complexes at the plasma membrane.
• Anticoagulation: ANXA3 has anticoagulant properties. It inhibits the activity of certain blood coagulation factors, thereby playing a role in the regulation of blood clotting.

Interactions:

• Protein-Protein Interactions: ANXA3 interacts with a variety of proteins, including cytoskeletal proteins, enzymes, and receptors. These interactions are crucial for its role in vesicle trafficking and signal transduction.
• Phospholipids: ANXA3 binds to phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner. This binding is essential for its functions related to membrane dynamics and vesicle transport.

Clinical Issues:

• Cancer: ANXA3 expression is altered in various cancers, including colorectal, liver, and ovarian cancers. Its expression level is often correlated with tumor progression, metastasis, and poor prognosis. ANXA3 can influence cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and resistance to chemotherapy.
• Liver Diseases: Given its high expression in the liver, ANXA3 is implicated in liver diseases such as hepatitis and liver fibrosis. It may play a role in liver regeneration and repair processes.
• Renal Disorders: ANXA3 is also involved in kidney function and is linked to conditions such as acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. It may be involved in the response to renal injury and the regulation of kidney cell survival.

Summary:

Annexin A3 (ANXA3) is a versatile protein involved in membrane trafficking, inflammation, cell signaling, and anticoagulation. Its ability to bind phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner and interact with various proteins enables it to participate in multiple cellular processes. ANXA3's role in cancer, liver diseases, and renal disorders highlights its clinical significance. Alterations in ANXA3 expression and function can contribute to disease progression and serve as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Understanding the mechanisms and interactions of ANXA3 is crucial for developing strategies to modulate its activity in pathological conditions.