ANXA11 - Annexin A11 | Elisa - Clia - Antibody - Protein

Background:

ANXA11 is a member of the annexin family, which are calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins. The exact function of ANXA11 is not yet fully understood. Like other annexins, ANXA11 is thought to participate in the organization and dynamics of cell membranes. Recent research suggests that ANXA11 may play a role in autophagy. It may also be involved in vesicle trafficking, which is the movement of vesicles. ANXA11 is expressed in various tissues, including the brain, heart, kidney, and liver. Its expression pattern suggests roles in these tissues, possibly related to membrane dynamics and cellular processes specific to these organs. ANXA11 has been implicated in autoimmune diseases, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Some studies have found associations between ANXA11 gene variants and susceptibility to SLE. ANXA11 expression has been observed in various cancers, including breast and colorectal cancer. Its role in cancer progression and metastasis is an area of ongoing research

Protein Structure:

• Core Domain: ANXA11 contains the typical annexin core domain with four annexin repeats, which facilitate calcium binding and interaction with phospholipids. These repeats are composed of five α-helices.
• N-terminal Domain: The N-terminal domain of ANXA11 is unique and likely mediates specific interactions and functional roles, contributing to the diversity of functions seen in annexin family members.

Classification and Subtypes:

ANXA11 is classified within the annexin family, which includes several other members (e.g., ANXA1, ANXA2, ANXA3, etc.). There are no known subtypes of ANXA11, but it shares structural and functional characteristics with other annexins, particularly in its ability to bind calcium and phospholipids.

Function and Biological Significance:

• Membrane-related Functions: ANXA11 plays a role in membrane organization and dynamics, which are critical for various cellular processes including vesicle trafficking, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
• Cell Division: ANXA11 is involved in the regulation of cytokinesis, the process by which a single cell divides to form two daughter cells. It localizes to the midbody during cell division and is essential for the final stages of cytokinesis.
• Apoptosis: ANXA11 has been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, or programmed cell death. It interacts with proteins involved in apoptotic pathways and can influence cell survival.

Interactions:

• S100 Proteins: ANXA11 interacts with S100A6 (also known as calcyclin), a member of the S100 family of proteins. This interaction is calcium-dependent and is believed to play a role in cell proliferation and differentiation.
• Membrane Proteins: ANXA11 associates with various membrane proteins, influencing membrane dynamics and signaling pathways.

Clinical Issues:

• Cancer: ANXA11 expression has been linked to several types of cancer. Alterations in its expression levels may be associated with tumor progression and metastasis. For example, ANXA11 is overexpressed in some lung cancers and may contribute to the aggressive behavior of these tumors.
• Autoimmune Diseases: Mutations in the ANXA11 gene have been associated with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and sarcoidosis. These mutations may affect the protein’s function and contribute to disease pathogenesis.
• Neurological Disorders: Given its high expression in the brain, ANXA11 may play a role in neurological diseases. Mutations in ANXA11 have been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disorder affecting motor neurons.

Summary:

Annexin A11 (ANXA11) is a multifunctional protein belonging to the annexin family, characterized by its ability to bind phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner. It is involved in critical cellular processes such as membrane organization, cytokinesis, and apoptosis. ANXA11 interacts with various proteins, including S100A6, and is implicated in several diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and neurological conditions. Understanding the roles and mechanisms of ANXA11 can provide insights into its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target in these diseases.