SUCNR1 - Succinate Receptor 1 | Elisa - Clia - Antibody - Protein

Background:

Succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1), also known as GPR91, is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is activated by succinate, a metabolite of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. It was identified relatively recently and has since been studied for its roles in various physiological and pathological processes. The primary ligand for SUCNR1 is succinate, a key intermediate of cellular metabolism. Succinate binds to SUCNR1 with moderate affinity and activates intracellular signaling pathways upon binding. In summary, Succinate Receptor 1 (SUCNR1) plays important roles in metabolic sensing, immune regulation, renal function, and angiogenesis. Dysregulation of SUCNR1 signaling is implicated in various diseases, including renal diseases, inflammatory disorders, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Therapeutic targeting of SUCNR1 holds promise for the development of novel treatments across a range of clinical conditions

Structural Features:

SUCNR1 is a seven-transmembrane domain receptor, typical of GPCRs, with an extracellular N-terminus and an intracellular C-terminus. Its structure allows it to interact with succinate and activate downstream signaling pathways.

Physiological Functions:

1.   Metabolic Sensing: SUCNR1 functions as a metabolic sensor, detecting changes in succinate levels in various tissues and organs. High levels of succinate, indicative of metabolic stress or dysfunction, can activate SUCNR1 signaling.

2.   Immune Regulation: SUCNR1 is expressed in immune cells, where it modulates immune responses and inflammation. Activation of SUCNR1 in immune cells can influence cytokine production, chemotaxis, and antigen presentation.

3.   Renal Function: SUCNR1 is highly expressed in the kidneys, where it regulates renal physiology and function. Activation of SUCNR1 in renal cells can affect electrolyte balance, blood pressure regulation, and kidney function.

4.   Angiogenesis: SUCNR1 signaling has been implicated in angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation, particularly in pathological conditions such as ischemic injury and cancer.

Clinical Implications:

1.   Renal Diseases: Dysregulation of SUCNR1 signaling has been associated with various renal diseases, including diabetic nephropathy, chronic kidney disease, and renal fibrosis.

2.   Inflammatory Disorders: SUCNR1 is implicated in inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis, where it contributes to immune dysregulation and inflammation.

3.   Metabolic Disorders: SUCNR1 may play a role in metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes, where alterations in succinate metabolism and SUCNR1 signaling have been observed.

4.   Cancer: SUCNR1 expression has been reported in various cancer types, and its activation has been linked to tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis, suggesting potential implications in cancer progression and metastatic spread.

Therapeutic Potential:

1.   SUCNR1 Antagonists: Small molecule antagonists targeting SUCNR1 are being developed as potential therapeutics for renal diseases, inflammatory disorders, and metabolic disorders.

2.   Immunomodulators: Modulating SUCNR1 signaling in immune cells could offer novel approaches for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and autoimmune disorders.

3.   Angiogenesis Inhibitors: Inhibiting SUCNR1 signaling may have therapeutic potential in cancer by targeting tumor angiogenesis and metastasis.

4.   Renoprotective Agents: Targeting SUCNR1 signaling in the kidneys could lead to the development of renoprotective agents for the treatment of renal diseases and kidney injury.