CENPX - Centromere protein X | Elisa - Clia - Antibody - Protein

Background

Centromere protein X (CENPX) is a crucial component of the centromere complex, playing a vital role in chromosome segregation during cell division. CENPX is encoded by the CENPX gene located on chromosome 17p13.1. It is a part of the constitutive centromere-associated network (CCAN) and the CENP-A nucleosome-associated complex (NAC). These complexes are essential for the proper functioning of the kinetochore, a structure on chromosomes that facilitates their attachment to spindle microtubules during mitosis and meiosis. The proper functioning of CENPX is critical for accurate chromosome segregation and genomic stability. Mutations or dysregulation of CENPX can lead to aneuploidy, a condition characterized by an abnormal number of chromosomes, which is commonly associated with various cancers and genetic disorders.

Protein Structure

CENPX is a small protein composed of 105 amino acids. Its structure includes:

• Coiled-Coil Domain: This domain is involved in protein-protein interactions, enabling CENPX to form complexes with other centromere proteins such as CENP-W, CENP-T, and CENP-S.
• DNA-Binding Region: This region allows CENPX to bind to centromeric DNA, contributing to its role in centromere structure and function.

Classification and Subtypes

CENPX is classified as a centromere protein and is a part of the larger centromere protein family, which includes various other proteins like CENP-A, CENP-B, and CENP-C. These proteins collectively contribute to the formation and maintenance of the centromere and kinetochore structures.

Function and Biological Significance

CENPX is critical for several key cellular processes:

• Chromosome Segregation: Ensures accurate segregation of chromosomes during cell division by facilitating the attachment of chromosomes to spindle microtubules.
• Kinetochore Function: Plays a role in the assembly and stability of the kinetochore complex, which is essential for chromosome movement and alignment during mitosis.
• DNA Repair: CENPX is implicated in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks, a critical process for maintaining genomic integrity.
• Centromere Structure Maintenance: Helps in maintaining the structure and function of the centromere, which is vital for proper chromosome segregation.

Clinical Issues

Dysfunction or mutations in CENPX can lead to several clinical issues:

• Cancer: Aberrant expression or mutations in CENPX are associated with various cancers due to its role in maintaining genomic stability and preventing aneuploidy.
• Genetic Disorders: Mutations in CENPX can cause congenital anomalies and developmental disorders due to improper chromosome segregation during cell division.
• Chromosomal Instability: Loss of function or mutations in CENPX can lead to chromosomal instability, contributing to the development of cancer and other diseases.

Summary

CENPX is a vital centromere protein essential for accurate chromosome segregation during cell division. It plays a critical role in the assembly and function of the kinetochore complex, maintaining centromere structure and ensuring genomic stability. Mutations or dysregulation of CENPX can lead to chromosomal instability, aneuploidy, and various clinical conditions, including cancer. Understanding the function and mechanisms of CENPX is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies targeting chromosomal instability and related diseases.