Family main features
Interferon Alpha 21 (IFN-α21) is one of the many subtypes of Type I interferons, a group of cytokines that play a critical role in regulating the immune response, particularly in antiviral defense and immune modulation. Type I interferons are produced in response to the detection of pathogens, primarily viruses, by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs). These interferons are secreted by various immune and non-immune cells, particularly plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and act on neighboring cells to establish an antiviral state and modulate immune activity.
The interferon-alpha (IFN-α) subfamily, which includes IFN-α21, is a large group of closely related proteins encoded by different genes. Despite sharing considerable structural and functional similarity, each IFN-α subtype may have unique characteristics, such as variations in antiviral potency, immune-modulatory effects, and tissue-specific activities. While IFN-α2 is the most widely studied and therapeutically used member of this subfamily, IFN-α21 shares many core functions, particularly in antiviral defense and immune regulation, though research on this specific subtype is more limited.
IFN-α21, like other IFN-α subtypes, is a small cytokine typically composed of about 165-170 amino acids. It has a molecular weight of around 19-22 kDa, depending on the extent of glycosylation and other post-translational modifications.
IFN-α21 is part of the IFN-α subfamily within the Type I interferon family. The family consists of several cytokines, including IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-ε, IFN-κ, and IFN-ω, all of which signal through the same receptor complex, the IFNAR (Type I interferon receptor).
Though all IFN-α subtypes interact with the same receptor and share similar biological functions, there are sequence variations between the different subtypes, which can affect their biological activity, receptor-binding affinity, and stability. These differences allow the IFN-α subtypes, including IFN-α21, to fine-tune the immune response depending on the tissue type, the nature of the infection, or other contextual factors.
The primary role of IFN-α21 is to mediate antiviral immunity. Upon secretion, IFN-α21 binds to its receptor on neighboring cells, initiating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. This leads to the induction of several interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), which encode proteins that directly or indirectly inhibit viral replication. These antiviral proteins include:
By inducing the expression of these proteins, IFN-α21 helps establish an antiviral state in both infected and nearby uninfected cells, effectively limiting the spread of viral infection.
Beyond its direct antiviral effects, IFN-α21 plays an essential role in shaping the immune response:
In addition to its antiviral and immune-modulatory effects, IFN-α21 exerts antiproliferative properties. Like other IFN-α subtypes, it can inhibit cell division and promote apoptosis (programmed cell death) in certain cancer cells. This makes IFN-α21 a potential candidate for cancer therapy, although clinical applications have largely focused on other subtypes, particularly IFN-α2.
IFN-α21, like other interferon-alpha subtypes, holds significant potential for treating viral infections and cancer. However, most clinical therapies involving Type I interferons use IFN-α2, which has been extensively studied and approved for conditions such as chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and certain cancers like hairy cell leukemia and melanoma.
As with other Type I interferons, IFN-α21 may contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. For example, excessive Type I interferon production is implicated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune disorders. In such diseases, chronic interferon signaling can lead to inappropriate immune activation and tissue damage. The exact role of IFN-α21 in these processes is not well understood but is an area of active research.
The use of IFN-α21 in therapy, like other interferons, may be associated with several side effects, primarily due to its potent immune-stimulatory properties. Common side effects of interferon therapy include:
The side effects of interferon therapy can sometimes limit its clinical use, and careful patient monitoring is required during treatment.
IFN-α21, a member of the Type I interferon family, plays a crucial role in antiviral defense, immune modulation, and potentially antitumor activity. It shares significant structural and functional similarities with other IFN-α subtypes, including a characteristic α-helical structure and the ability to bind the IFNAR receptor to initiate downstream signaling. While IFN-α2 is the most studied and widely used subtype in clinical settings, IFN-α21 holds promise for similar applications, particularly in viral infections and cancer therapy. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the therapeutic potential of IFN-α21 and its role in disease pathogenesis.
interferon alpha 21 (IFNA21)
LeIF F,leIF-F,IFN-alphaI,IFN-alpha-21,Interferon alpha-F
En la tabla siguiente se muestra una comparativa de todos los reactivos disponibles en nuestro catálogo (Proteins and Peptides, Primary Antibodies, ELISA Kits, CLIA Kits) relacionados con IFNA21 - interferon alpha 21
Se muestran ordenados por categorías para poder comparar cómodamente sus características principales. Esta tabla, que contiene un enlace con la ficha de cada producto, es exportable a Excel.
Esta página contiene 13 reactivos de las marcas (Abbexa, FineTest) que se corresponden con tu busqueda
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provider | Code | reference | name | reactivity | sample type | assay type | test range | sensitivity | price | size 1 | uniprot id | status |
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FineTest | IFNA21 | EH4703 | Human IFNA21(IFN alpha 21) ELISA Kit | human | Busacar en las instrucciones | Sandwich ELISA, Double Antibody | 15.625-1000pg/ml | 96T | P01568 | RUO | ||
Abbexa | IFNA21 | abx152002 | Human Interferon alpha 21 (IFNa21) ELISA Kit | Human | Serum,Plasma,Other biological fluids | Sandwich | 15.62 pg/ml - 1000 pg/ml | < 6.2 pg/ml | 687.5 | 96 tests | P01568 | RUO |
Abbexa | IFNA21 | abx190224 | Human Interferon Alpha 21 (IFNa21) CLIA Kit | Human | Serum, plasma and other biological fluids. | Sandwich | 1.37 pg/ml - 1000 pg/ml | < 0.55 pg/ml | 812.5 | 96 tests | RUO | |
Abbexa | IFNA21 | abx585737 | Low Sample Volume Mouse Interferon Alpha 21 (IFNA21) ELISA Kit | Mouse | Low Sample | Sandwich | 825 | 96 tests | RUO |
provider | Code | reference | name | reactivity | clonality | host | immunogen target | isotype | conjugation | tested applications | price | size 1 | uniprot id | status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abbexa | IFNA21 | abx102163 | Interferon Alpha 21 (IFNa21) Antibody | Human | Polyclonal | Rabbit | Interferon Alpha 21 (IFNa21) | Unconjugated | WB, IHC, IF/ICC | 275 | 100 µl | P01568 | RUO | |
Abbexa | IFNA21 | abx272398 | Interferon Alpha 21 (IFNa21) Antibody (Biotin) | Human | Polyclonal | Rabbit | Interferon Alpha 21 (IFNa21) | Biotin | WB, IHC, IF/ICC | 362.5 | 200 µl | P01568 | RUO | |
Abbexa | IFNA21 | abx106987 | Interferon Alpha 21 (IFNA21) Antibody (FITC) | Human | Polyclonal | Rabbit | Interferon Alpha 21 (IFNA21) | FITC | 162.5 | 20 µg | P01568 | RUO | ||
Abbexa | IFNA21 | abx108408 | Interferon Alpha 21 (IFNA21) Antibody (HRP) | Human | Polyclonal | Rabbit | Interferon Alpha 21 (IFNA21) | HRP | ELISA | 162.5 | 20 µg | P01568 | RUO | |
Abbexa | IFNA21 | abx172992 | Interferon Alpha 21 (IFNa21) Antibody | Human | Monoclonal | Mouse | Interferon Alpha 21 (IFNa21) | Unconjugated | WB, IHC, IF/ICC | 275 | 100 µl | P01568 | RUO | |
Abbexa | IFNA21 | abx105569 | Interferon Alpha 21 (IFNA21) Antibody (Biotin) | Human | Polyclonal | Rabbit | Interferon Alpha 21 (IFNA21) | Biotin | ELISA | 162.5 | 20 µg | P01568 | RUO | |
Abbexa | IFNA21 | abx109920 | Interferon Alpha 21 (IFNA21) Antibody | Human | Polyclonal | Rabbit | Interferon Alpha 21 (IFNA21) | Unconjugated | ELISA, WB, IP | 162.5 | 20 µg | P01568 | RUO |
provider | Code | reference | name | origin | expression | host | conjugation | tested applications | price | size 1 | uniprot id | status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abbexa | IFNA21 | abx655684 | Human Interferon Alpha 21 (IFNa21) Protein (Active) | Human | Recombinant | Unconjugated | WB, SDS-PAGE | 4650 | 1 mg | RUO | ||
Abbexa | IFNA21 | abx067330 | Human Interferon Alpha 21 (IFNa21) Protein | Human | Recombinant | E. coli | Unconjugated | WB, SDS-PAGE | 237.5 | 10 µg | P01568 | RUO |
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