Human Interferon Alpha 21 (IFNa21) Protein

Background

Interferon Alpha 21 (IFNA21) is another crucial component of the type I interferon family, known for its role in innate and adaptive immunity. IFNA21 is rapidly upregulated in response to viral infections and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) recognized by Toll-like receptors and other sensors. It exerts its effects by binding to IFNAR, which activates downstream signaling pathways, including the JAK-STAT cascade, resulting in the induction of interferon-stimulated genes. These genes coordinate various antiviral mechanisms, such as inhibiting viral protein synthesis, degrading viral RNA, and upregulating major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules for enhanced antigen presentation. IFNA21 also plays a role in modulating the immune response by activating NK cells and promoting the differentiation and survival of cytotoxic T cells. Its functional specificity compared to other interferons, such as differences in potency or tissue-specific expression, underscores the complexity of the interferon system in orchestrating effective immune defenses against pathogens. Further investigations into IFNA21's unique properties could reveal novel therapeutic opportunities for infectious and immune-mediated diseases.