DFFB - DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta | Elisa - Clia - Antibody - Protein

Family main features

Background

DNA Fragmentation Factor Subunit Beta (DFFB) is a crucial protein involved in the execution phase of apoptosis, the programmed cell death process essential for development and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Apoptosis is characterized by specific morphological and biochemical features, including DNA fragmentation, which is mediated by the DNA fragmentation factor (DFF) complex. DFF is composed of two subunits: DFFA (also known as ICAD, Inhibitor of CAD) and DFFB (also known as CAD, Caspase-Activated DNase). Upon apoptotic signaling, DFFB, the catalytic subunit, is activated through caspase-mediated cleavage of its inhibitor, DFFA. This activation leads to the fragmentation of chromosomal DNA, a hallmark of apoptosis. DFFB is ubiquitously expressed, highlighting its fundamental role in apoptosis across various tissues.


Protein Structure

DFFB’s structure is designed to facilitate its role in DNA fragmentation:

  • N-terminal Domain: This region is involved in the interaction with its inhibitory partner, DFFA. The interaction prevents DFFB from accessing and cleaving DNA under non-apoptotic conditions.
  • Catalytic Domain: The core of DFFB contains the nuclease activity responsible for cleaving DNA. This domain is activated upon release from DFFA.
  • Nuclear Localization Signals (NLS): These signals ensure that DFFB is transported into the nucleus where it can interact with chromosomal DNA during apoptosis.


Classification and Subtypes

DFFB is classified within the family of nucleases and is specifically a member of the endonuclease subfamily involved in apoptotic DNA fragmentation:

  • DFF Complex: The DFF complex consists of the DFFB catalytic subunit and its inhibitor DFFA. The interplay between these two proteins is critical for the regulation of DNA fragmentation during apoptosis.


Function and Biological Significance

DFFB is involved in several critical cellular functions related to apoptosis:

  • DNA Fragmentation: The primary role of DFFB is to fragment chromosomal DNA during apoptosis. Once activated, DFFB cleaves DNA into oligonucleosomal fragments, a process essential for the orderly degradation and removal of cellular components.
  • Regulation of Apoptosis: DFFB’s activity is tightly regulated by DFFA, ensuring that DNA fragmentation only occurs during apoptosis. This regulation prevents accidental DNA damage that could lead to genomic instability.
  • Cellular Homeostasis: By participating in the controlled demolition of cellular components, DFFB helps maintain tissue homeostasis and prevents the accumulation of damaged or potentially harmful cells.


Clinical Issues

Alterations in DFFB function or expression are associated with various diseases:

  • Cancer: Dysregulation of apoptotic pathways, including the function of DFFB, is a hallmark of cancer. Impaired apoptosis allows cancer cells to evade death and continue proliferating. Understanding DFFB's role in apoptosis can aid in developing therapies that restore programmed cell death in cancer cells.
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases: Abnormal apoptosis, often involving defective DNA fragmentation, is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. DFFB’s role in neuronal apoptosis is of particular interest in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
  • Autoimmune Diseases: Proper regulation of apoptosis is crucial for immune homeostasis. Dysregulation of DFFB-mediated DNA fragmentation can lead to the persistence of autoreactive cells, contributing to autoimmune conditions.


Summary

DNA Fragmentation Factor Subunit Beta (DFFB) is an essential protein in the apoptosis pathway, primarily responsible for the fragmentation of chromosomal DNA. Its structure includes an N-terminal domain for interaction with its inhibitor (DFFA), a catalytic domain for DNA cleavage, and nuclear localization signals. DFFB plays a critical role in executing apoptosis by ensuring DNA fragmentation occurs in a controlled manner. Dysregulation of DFFB is associated with cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune conditions. Understanding DFFB’s function and regulation is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies targeting apoptosis-related diseases.


DFFB Recommended name:

DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta (DFFB)

Aliases for DFFB

DFFB, DNA fragmentation factor, 40kDa, beta polypeptide (caspase-activated DNase), CAD, CPAN, DFF-40, DFF2, DFF40, DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta

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immunoassays

providerCodereferencenamereactivitysample typeassay typetest rangesensitivitypricesize 1uniprot idstatus
AbbexaDFFBabx514954Cow DNA Fragmentation Factor Subunit Beta (DFFB) ELISA KitCowTissue homogenates,Cell lysates,Other biological fluids0.156 ng/ml - 10 ng/ml687.596 testsQ58CZ0RUO
AbbexaDFFBabx150889Human DNA Fragmentation Factor Subunit Beta (DFFB) ELISA KitHumanTissue homogenates,Other biological fluidsSandwich0.156 ng/ml - 10 ng/ml< 0.06 ng/ml662.596 testsP27708RUO
AbbexaDFFBabx354323Human DNA Fragmentation Factor Subunit Beta (DFFB) ELISA KitHumanTissue homogenates,Cell lysates,Other biological fluidsSandwich1.56 ng/ml - 100 ng/ml0.94 ng/ml52596 testsO76075RUO
AbbexaDFFBabx492370Human DNA Fragmentation Factor Subunit Beta (DFFB) CLIA KitHumanTissue homogenates and other biological fluids.Sandwich0.156 ng/ml - 10 ng/ml< 0.052 ng/ml84596 testsRUO
AbbexaDFFBabx570118Human DNA Fragmentation Factor Subunit Beta (DFFB) ELISA KitHumanTissue homogenates,Cell lysates,Other biological fluidsSandwich125 pg/ml - 8000 pg/ml75 pg/ml52596 testsO76075RUO
AbbexaDFFBabx352551Mouse DNA Fragmentation Factor Subunit Beta (DFFB) ELISA KitMouseTissue homogenates,Cell lysates,Other biological fluidsSandwich1.56 ng/ml - 100 ng/ml0.94 ng/ml587.596 testsO54788RUO
AbbexaDFFBabx514957Rat DNA Fragmentation Factor Subunit Beta (DFFB) ELISA KitRatTissue homogenates,Cell lysates,Other biological fluidsSandwich15.6 pg/ml - 1000 pg/ml556.2596 testsQ99N34RUO

Primary Antibodies

providerCodereferencenamereactivityclonalityhostimmunogen targetisotypeconjugationtested applicationspricesize 1uniprot idstatus
AbbexaDFFBabx132419Caspase Activated DNase (DFFB) AntibodyHumanMonoclonalMouseCaspase Activated DNase (DFFB)UnconjugatedWB, IHC, IF/ICC7501 mlRUO
AbbexaDFFBabx376329DNA Fragmentation Factor 40 kDa Subunit (DFF40) AntibodyHumanPolyclonalRabbitDNA Fragmentation Factor 40 kDa Subunit (DFF40)UnconjugatedELISA, WB, IHC, IF/ICC22550 µgO76075RUO
AbbexaDFFBabx102214Caspase Activated DNase (DFFB) AntibodyHumanPolyclonalRabbitCaspase Activated DNase (DFFB)UnconjugatedWB, IHC, IF/ICC262.5100 µlO76075RUO
AbbexaDFFBabx341673DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta (DFFB) Antibody (FITC)HumanPolyclonalRabbitDNA fragmentation factor subunit beta (DFFB)FITC25050 µlO76075RUO
AbbexaDFFBabx341671DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta (DFFB) AntibodyHumanPolyclonalRabbitDNA fragmentation factor subunit beta (DFFB)UnconjugatedELISA, IHC25050 µlO76075RUO
AbbexaDFFBabx376241DNA Fragmentation Factor Subunit Beta (DFFB) AntibodyHumanPolyclonalRabbitDNA Fragmentation Factor Subunit Beta (DFFB)UnconjugatedELISA, WB337.5100 µgO76075RUO
AbbexaDFFBabx341674DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta (DFFB) Antibody (Biotin)HumanPolyclonalRabbitDNA fragmentation factor subunit beta (DFFB)BiotinELISA25050 µlO76075RUO
AbbexaDFFBabx341672DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta (DFFB) Antibody (HRP)HumanPolyclonalRabbitDNA fragmentation factor subunit beta (DFFB)HRPELISA25050 µlO76075RUO
AbbexaDFFBabx034537DNA Fragmentation Factor Subunit Beta (DFFB) AntibodyHumanPolyclonalRabbitDNA Fragmentation Factor Subunit Beta (DFFB)UnconjugatedELISA, WB, IHC, FCM281.2580 µlO76075RUO
AbbexaDFFBabx136020DNA Fragmentation Factor Subunit Beta (DFFB) AntibodyHumanPolyclonalRabbitDNA Fragmentation Factor Subunit Beta (DFFB)UnconjugatedWB, IHC17520 µlO76075RUO
AbbexaDFFBabx214478DNA Fragmentation Factor Subunit Beta (DFFB) AntibodyHumanPolyclonalRabbitDNA Fragmentation Factor Subunit Beta (DFFB)UnconjugatedELISA, IHC25050 µlO76075RUO

Proteins and Peptides

providerCodereferencenameoriginexpressionhostconjugationtested applicationspricesize 1uniprot idstatus
AbbexaDFFBabx065783Human Caspase Activated DNase (DFFB) ProteinHumanRecombinantE. coliUnconjugatedWB, SDS-PAGE22510 µgO76075RUO

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