Family main features
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is an integral component of the immune system and a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, primarily involved in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) within microbial DNA. TLR9 is uniquely specialized to detect unmethylated CpG motifs in DNA, which are frequently found in bacterial and viral genomes but rare in vertebrate DNA due to methylation. This distinction allows TLR9 to effectively recognize pathogenic DNA and initiate immune responses against infections. By detecting microbial DNA, TLR9 plays a pivotal role in the innate immune response and contributes to the activation of adaptive immunity.
TLR9 is expressed in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), B cells, and monocytes/macrophages, with its expression localized to the endosomes of these cells. This intracellular positioning is essential for its function, as it enables the receptor to sample nucleic acids from pathogens engulfed in endosomal compartments. Upon recognizing CpG motifs, TLR9 initiates a signaling cascade that promotes cytokine production and type I interferon release, critical for mounting an immune defense against pathogens and influencing the maturation of dendritic cells and the activation of T and B cells.
The structure of TLR9 is typical of the TLR family, featuring distinct domains that facilitate ligand recognition, membrane anchoring, and signal transduction:
Extracellular Domain:
Transmembrane Domain:
Cytoplasmic Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor (TIR) Domain:
TLR9 is part of the TLR7/8/9 subfamily, which includes receptors that recognize nucleic acid-based PAMPs and are localized to endosomal compartments. Within this subfamily:
TLR9 does not have distinct isoforms; however, its functional activity can vary based on cell type, post-translational modifications, and proteolytic processing. This variation allows TLR9 to respond to specific types of CpG DNA motifs and pathogens, with different subclasses of CpG motifs (e.g., CpG-A, CpG-B, CpG-C) eliciting distinct immune responses.
TLR9 has essential roles in pathogen recognition and the initiation of innate immune responses, as well as in shaping adaptive immunity:
Pathogen Recognition and Immune Activation:
Promotion of Adaptive Immunity:
Recognition of Self-DNA and Autoimmunity:
Dysregulation of TLR9 signaling is implicated in various infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancers. Its roles in these conditions are associated with either excessive or insufficient immune responses:
Autoimmune Diseases:
Infectious Diseases:
Cancer:
Therapeutic Targeting:
TLR9 is a toll-like receptor crucial for detecting microbial DNA, especially CpG-rich DNA sequences, within endosomes. Its structure includes an extracellular domain with leucine-rich repeats that bind CpG DNA, a transmembrane domain that anchors it to the endosome, and a cytoplasmic TIR domain that transduces signals through MyD88. This signaling cascade leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons, which are essential for immune defense against pathogens and contribute to the maturation and activation of adaptive immune cells.
While TLR9’s activity is indispensable in antiviral and antibacterial responses, its activation must be tightly regulated to avoid excessive inflammation or autoimmune responses. Dysregulated TLR9 activity is linked to autoimmune diseases like SLE and rheumatoid arthritis, where inappropriate recognition of self-DNA leads to chronic inflammation. In cancer, TLR9 plays a complex role, where its activation can either suppress or promote tumor progression depending on the context. TLR9 agonists and antagonists offer promising therapeutic potential, either enhancing immunity against infections and tumors or inhibiting excessive inflammation in autoimmune diseases. Understanding TLR9’s role and regulation continues to be an active area of research, with significant implications for treating infectious diseases, cancers, and autoimmune disorders.
toll like receptor 9 (TLR9)
Toll-like receptor 9,CD289
En la tabla siguiente se muestra una comparativa de todos los reactivos disponibles en nuestro catálogo (Proteins and Peptides, ELISA Kits, Primary Antibodies, CLIA Kits) relacionados con TLR9 - toll like receptor 9
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Esta página contiene 41 reactivos de las marcas (Abbexa, FineTest) que se corresponden con tu busqueda
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provider | Code | reference | name | reactivity | sample type | assay type | test range | sensitivity | price | size 1 | uniprot id | status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx513787 | Cow Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) ELISA Kit | Cow | Tissue homogenates,Cell lysates,Other biological fluids | 0.156 ng/ml - 10 ng/ml | 687.5 | 96 tests | Q5I2M5 | RUO | ||
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx513788 | Dog Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) ELISA Kit | Dog | Tissue homogenates,Cell lysates,Other biological fluids | 0.156 ng/ml - 10 ng/ml | 687.5 | 96 tests | Q5I2M8 | RUO | ||
FineTest | TLR9 | EH1019 | Human TLR9(Toll-like receptor 9) ELISA Kit | human | Serum,Plasma,Tissue homogenates,Other biological fluids | Sandwich ELISA, Double Antibody | 0.156-10ng/ml | 96T | Q9NR96 | RUO | ||
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx197811 | Human Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) CLIA Kit | Human | Serum, plasma and other biological fluids. | Sandwich | 31.2 pg/ml - 2000 pg/ml | 18.8 pg/ml | 618.75 | 96 tests | RUO | |
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx052975 | Human Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) ELISA Kit | Human | Serum,Plasma,Tissue homogenates,Cell lysates,Other biological fluids | Sandwich | 31.2 pg/ml - 2000 pg/ml | < 12.5 pg/ml | 687.5 | 96 tests | RUO | |
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx250258 | Human Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) ELISA Kit | Human | Tissue homogenates,Cell lysates,Other biological fluids | Sandwich | 0.156 ng/ml - 10 ng/ml | 0.1 ng/ml | 562.5 | 96 tests | Q9NR96 | RUO |
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx190355 | Human Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) CLIA Kit | Human | Tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernatants and other biological fluids. | Sandwich | 13.7 pg/ml - 10000 pg/ml | < 4.8 pg/ml | 812.5 | 96 tests | RUO | |
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx153349 | Human Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) ELISA Kit | Human | Tissue homogenates,Cell lysates,Other biological fluids | Sandwich | 0.156 ng/ml - 10 ng/ml | < 0.07 ng/ml | 618.75 | 96 tests | RUO | |
FineTest | TLR9 | EM1412 | Mouse TLR9(Toll-like Receptor 9) ELISA Kit | mouse | Serum,Plasma,Tissue homogenates,Other biological fluids | Sandwich ELISA, Double Antibody | 0.156-10ng/ml | 96T | Q9EQU3 | RUO | ||
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx156725 | Mouse Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) ELISA Kit | Mouse | Tissue homogenates,Cell lysates,Other biological fluids | Sandwich | 0.156 ng/ml - 10 ng/ml | < 0.06 ng/ml | 618.75 | 96 tests | RUO | |
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx254471 | Mouse Toll-like Receptor 9 (TLR9) ELISA Kit | Mouse | Tissue homogenates,Cell lysates,Other biological fluids | Sandwich | 0.156 ng/ml - 10 ng/ml | 0.1 ng/ml | 562.5 | 96 tests | Q9EQU3 | RUO |
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx197813 | Mouse Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) CLIA Kit | Mouse | Serum, plasma and other biological fluids. | 31.2 pg/ml - 2000 pg/ml | 18.8 pg/ml | 618.75 | 96 tests | RUO | ||
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx491922 | Mouse Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) CLIA Kit | Mouse | Tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernatants and other biological fluids. | Sandwich | 0.156 ng/ml - 10 ng/ml | < 0.059 ng/ml | 812.5 | 96 tests | RUO | |
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx360891 | Pig Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) ELISA Kit | Pig | Serum,Plasma,Other biological fluids | Sandwich | 0.312 ng/ml - 20 ng/ml | < 0.12 ng/ml | 687.5 | 96 tests | RUO | |
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx491923 | Rabbit Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) CLIA Kit | Rabbit | Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. | Sandwich | 0.312 ng/ml - 20 ng/ml | < 0.119 ng/ml | 812.5 | 96 tests | RUO | |
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx156955 | Rabbit Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) ELISA Kit | Rabbit | Tissue homogenates,Cell lysates,Other biological fluids | Sandwich | 0.312 ng/ml - 20 ng/ml | < 0.12 ng/ml | 675 | 96 tests | RUO | |
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx362211 | Rabbit Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) ELISA Kit | Rabbit | Serum,Plasma,Other biological fluids | Sandwich | 0.156 ng/ml - 10 ng/ml | 0.1 ng/ml | 662.5 | 96 tests | RUO | |
FineTest | TLR9 | ER1388 | Rat TLR9(Toll-Like Receptor 9) ELISA Kit | rat | Serum,Plasma,Tissue homogenates,Other biological fluids | Sandwich ELISA, Double Antibody | 0.156-10ng/ml | 96T | M0RAA8 | RUO | ||
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx256054 | Rat Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) ELISA Kit | Rat | Serum,Plasma,Other biological fluids | Sandwich | 0.156 ng/ml - 10 ng/ml | 0.1 ng/ml | 562.5 | 96 tests | Q6Y1S0 | RUO |
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx197812 | Rat Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) CLIA Kit | Rat | Serum, plasma and other biological fluids. | Sandwich | 31.2 pg/ml - 2000 pg/ml | 18.8 pg/ml | 618.75 | 96 tests | RUO | |
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx052977 | Rat Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) ELISA Kit | Rat | Serum,Plasma,Other biological fluids | Sandwich | 46.88 pg/ml - 3000 pg/ml | 28.12 pg/ml | 562.5 | 96 tests | RUO |
provider | Code | reference | name | reactivity | clonality | host | immunogen target | isotype | conjugation | tested applications | price | size 1 | uniprot id | status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx412085 | Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Antibody | Human | Polyclonal | Goat | Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) | Unconjugated | WB, IHC | 512.5 | 100 µg | Q9NR96 | RUO | |
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx027559 | Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Antibody | Human | Polyclonal | Rabbit | Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) | Unconjugated | ELISA, WB, FCM | 250 | 80 µl | Q9NR96 | RUO | |
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx314943 | Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Antibody (Biotin) | Human | Polyclonal | Rabbit | Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) | Biotin | ELISA | 162.5 | 20 µg | Q9NR96 | RUO | |
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx314941 | Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Antibody (HRP) | Human | Polyclonal | Rabbit | Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) | HRP | ELISA | 162.5 | 20 µg | Q9NR96 | RUO | |
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx224299 | Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Antibody | Human | Monoclonal | Mouse | Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) | ELISA, IHC, IF/ICC, FCM | 362.5 | 100 µl | Q9NR96 | RUO | ||
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx370489 | Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Antibody Pair | Human | Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) | ELISA | 1325 | 5 × 96 tests | RUO | |||||
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx411795 | Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Antibody | Human | Polyclonal | Rabbit | Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) | Unconjugated | WB, IHC | 437.5 | 100 µg | Q9NR96 | RUO | |
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx224417 | Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Antibody | Human | Monoclonal | Mouse | Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) | Unconjugated | ELISA, FCM | 362.5 | 100 µl | Q9NR96 | RUO | |
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx302189 | Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Antibody | Human | Polyclonal | Rabbit | Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) | Unconjugated | ELISA, IHC, IF/ICC | 162.5 | 20 µg | Q9NR96 | RUO | |
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx314942 | Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Antibody (FITC) | Human | Polyclonal | Rabbit | Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) | FITC | 162.5 | 20 µg | Q9NR96 | RUO | ||
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx174846 | Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Antibody | Human | Monoclonal | Mouse | Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) | Unconjugated | WB, IHC, IF/ICC | 712.5 | 1 ml | RUO | ||
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx128727 | Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Antibody | Human | Polyclonal | Rabbit | Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) | Unconjugated | WB, IHC, IF/ICC | 250 | 100 µl | Q9NR96 | RUO | |
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx129846 | Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Antibody | Mouse | Polyclonal | Rabbit | Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) | Unconjugated | WB, IHC, IF/ICC | 262.5 | 100 µl | Q9EQU3 | RUO | |
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx411741 | Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Antibody | Mouse | Polyclonal | Goat | Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) | Unconjugated | WB, IHC | 512.5 | 100 µg | Q9EQU3, Q9NR96 | RUO | |
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx370626 | Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Antibody Pair | Mouse | Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) | ELISA | 1350 | 5 × 96 tests | RUO | |||||
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx130381 | Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Antibody | Rat | Polyclonal | Rabbit | Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) | Unconjugated | WB, IHC, IF/ICC | 262.5 | 100 µl | RUO |
provider | Code | reference | name | origin | expression | host | conjugation | tested applications | price | size 1 | uniprot id | status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FineTest | TLR9 | P1974 | Recombinant Human TLR9 | Human | Recombinant | E.Coli | Western Blot, ELISA | 50μg | Q9NR96 | RUO | ||
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx167759 | Rat Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Protein | Rat | Recombinant | E. coli | Unconjugated | WB, SDS-PAGE | 237.5 | 10 µg | RUO | |
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx168412 | Mouse Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Protein | Mouse | Recombinant | E. coli | Unconjugated | WB, SDS-PAGE | 225 | 10 µg | RUO | |
Abbexa | TLR9 | abx166661 | Human Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Protein | Human | Recombinant | E. coli | Unconjugated | WB, SDS-PAGE | 212.5 | 10 µg | RUO |
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