SH2B Adaptor Protein 1 (SH2B1) Antibody

Background

SH2B1 is an adaptor protein containing an SH2 domain and pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, functioning in signaling pathways downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases and cytokine receptors. It interacts with key signaling molecules such as Janus kinases (JAKs), insulin receptor, IGF-1 receptor, and leptin receptor, regulating pathways like JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK. SH2B1 is critical for energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and leptin signaling, playing an essential role in regulating appetite, body weight, and insulin sensitivity. It is predominantly expressed in the brain, liver, and adipose tissues, where it controls metabolic processes and growth factor signaling. Mutations or dysregulation of SH2B1 are linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes due to impaired leptin and insulin signaling. Knockout studies in mice demonstrate obesity, glucose intolerance, and reduced energy expenditure, highlighting its importance in metabolic regulation and energy balance.