Receptor-Type Tyrosine-Protein Phosphatase T (PTPRT) Antibody

Background

PTPRT is a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase critical for cell adhesion, neuronal development, and tumor suppression. Structurally, PTPRT features extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig)-like and fibronectin type III domains, a transmembrane domain, and two intracellular phosphatase domains, one of which is catalytically active. PTPRT is predominantly expressed in the central nervous system, particularly in neurons, where it regulates synaptic formation and maintenance. It interacts with cadherins and β-catenin to control cell-cell adhesion and neuronal connectivity. PTPRT acts as a tumor suppressor by dephosphorylating STAT3, a transcription factor involved in promoting cell survival and proliferation. Mutations or inactivation of PTPRT have been identified in colorectal, lung, and gastric cancers, linking its dysregulation to tumorigenesis. PTPRT’s role in synaptic plasticity and cancer highlights its dual significance in neurological and oncogenic processes, making it a target for therapeutic intervention.