Human Pappalysin 2 (PAPPA2) Protein

Background

PAPPA2, a close homolog of PAPPA, is also a zinc-dependent metalloproteinase that cleaves IGF-binding proteins, specifically IGFBP-5, to regulate the availability of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). PAPPA2 is involved in controlling skeletal development, bone growth, and tissue regeneration by increasing IGF activity, which promotes cell proliferation and differentiation. It plays an essential role in fetal growth and development, with mutations in PAPPA2 linked to short stature and growth retardation due to reduced IGF bioavailability. PAPPA2 expression is also associated with metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance and diabetes, and it has been implicated in certain cancers, where dysregulation of IGF signaling contributes to tumor progression. PAPPA2’s function in IGF regulation makes it a critical factor in growth-related processes and a potential target for therapeutic intervention.