Human Interleukin 36 Beta (IL36B) Protein

Background

IL36B is a pro-inflammatory cytokine of the IL-1 family that functions by signaling through the IL-36 receptor (IL1RL2) and its co-receptor IL1RAP. IL36B activates downstream NF-κB, MAPK, and JNK pathways, inducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial peptides. It is primarily expressed in epithelial cells, particularly in skin keratinocytes, and serves a key role in enhancing immune responses at epithelial barriers. IL36B promotes the recruitment and activation of immune cells such as dendritic cells, neutrophils, and T cells, amplifying inflammation in tissues exposed to pathogens or injury. It is a major driver of inflammatory processes in skin disorders, including psoriasis, where its overexpression leads to keratinocyte hyperproliferation and immune cell infiltration. IL36B is also involved in mucosal immunity within the lungs and gastrointestinal tract. Knockdown studies reveal impaired epithelial immunity, reduced inflammatory responses, and delayed wound healing, underscoring its role in amplifying innate immune responses, tissue defense, and inflammation regulation.