Human Insulin Receptor Substrate 2 (IRS2) Protein

Background

IRS2 is an adaptor protein closely related to IRS1, mediating insulin and IGF signaling through phosphorylation and activation of PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways. IRS2 is expressed in a broad range of tissues, including the liver, pancreas, and brain, where it regulates glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and cell survival. IRS2 is critical for hepatic insulin signaling, pancreatic β-cell growth, and neuronal function. Dysregulation of IRS2 contributes to metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes and obesity, as well as neurodegenerative disorders. IRS2-deficient mice exhibit insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and glucose intolerance, emphasizing its role in maintaining systemic glucose homeostasis. IRS2 also plays a role in tumorigenesis, where its overactivation can enhance cell proliferation and survival in cancers like liver and breast cancer.