Human Contactin 5 (CNTN5) Protein

Background

Contactin 5 (CNTN5), also known as NB-2, is a neural cell adhesion molecule that plays a significant role in synaptic organization, axon guidance, and neuronal communication. CNTN5 is primarily expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, particularly in sensory and auditory neurons, where it contributes to the formation of functional neural circuits. It mediates interactions with other adhesion molecules and receptors, influencing synaptic stability and plasticity. CNTN5 is linked to neurodevelopmental conditions, including autism and intellectual disability, as genetic variations affecting CNTN5 expression have been associated with altered brain connectivity and cognitive deficits. Its expression pattern is developmentally regulated, with high levels during embryonic stages that decrease postnatally. Structurally, CNTN5 shares the conserved immunoglobulin-like and fibronectin type III domains of the contactin family, enabling it to mediate diverse adhesive and signaling interactions crucial for nervous system function.