Human C-Type Lectin Domain Family 7 Member A (CLEC7A) Protein

Background

CLEC7A, also known as C-type lectin domain-containing protein 7A or Dectin-1, is a receptor mainly expressed on myeloid cells, especially dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and subsets of monocytes. As part of the C-type lectin receptor (CLR) family, CLEC7A is essential for recognizing pathogenic fungi, bacteria, and other microbial structures, making it a crucial component of the innate immune system. CLEC7A identifies β-glucans, polysaccharides found abundantly in fungal cell walls, and this interaction triggers immune responses, including phagocytosis and cytokine production. In addition to microbial defense, CLEC7A has roles in modulating sterile inflammatory responses, which link it to several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. CLEC7A is predominantly studied for its role in antifungal immunity, particularly in recognizing β-1,3-glucan, a prominent component of fungal cell walls, leading to immune activation that aids in pathogen elimination. Because CLEC7A mediates signaling independently of other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), it provides a unique and essential pathway in immunity. Its function also encompasses regulating immune responses to ensure that inflammation does not persist unnecessarily, as this can lead to tissue damage and chronic inflammatory states.