Human ATP-Dependent Translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1) Protein

Background

ABCB1, also known as P-glycoprotein, is a well-studied ATP-dependent efflux transporter involved in the transport of a wide range of substrates, including drugs, lipids, and xenobiotics. It is highly expressed in barrier tissues, such as the blood-brain barrier, intestines, liver, and kidneys, where it functions to protect tissues by actively exporting toxic compounds and drugs. ABCB1 plays a crucial role in pharmacokinetics, influencing drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. Overexpression of ABCB1 in cancer cells is a major contributor to multidrug resistance, as it pumps chemotherapeutic agents out of cells, reducing their efficacy. Structurally, ABCB1 contains two transmembrane domains and two ATP-binding domains, which utilize ATP hydrolysis to drive substrate transport. Its pivotal role in drug resistance and detoxification makes it a significant target in cancer therapy and pharmacological research.