Human Allograft Inflammatory Factor 1 (AIF1) Protein

Background

AIF1 is an inflammation-responsive protein primarily expressed in macrophages, microglia, and other immune cells. It plays a critical role in immune regulation, particularly in modulating inflammatory responses, cell migration, and phagocytosis. Structurally, AIF1 contains EF-hand calcium-binding motifs, enabling it to respond to changes in intracellular calcium levels, which are key to immune cell activation and signaling. AIF1 is upregulated during inflammatory diseases such as autoimmune disorders, transplant rejection, and atherosclerosis, where it contributes to immune cell recruitment and tissue remodeling. It is also involved in promoting macrophage activation and migration to sites of injury or infection. Dysregulated AIF1 expression is associated with chronic inflammation, cancer progression, and neuroinflammatory diseases like multiple sclerosis, making it a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for inflammatory and immune-related disorders.