G Protein-Coupled Receptor 42 (gene/pseudogene) (GPR42) Antibody

Background

GPR42 is a G protein-coupled receptor closely related to free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFAR3/GPR41). It binds short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which are produced by gut microbiota during the fermentation of dietary fibers. GPR42 is primarily expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and adipose tissue, where it regulates energy metabolism, gut hormone secretion, and immune responses. Although its function is similar to FFAR3, GPR42 is considered a pseudogene in some individuals due to genetic variations that can inactivate its function. When active, GPR42 modulates SCFA-mediated signaling pathways, influencing insulin sensitivity, appetite regulation, and energy expenditure. Dysregulation of GPR42 signaling is associated with metabolic disorders like obesity and type 2 diabetes, where impaired SCFA signaling disrupts metabolic homeostasis. Its involvement in linking gut microbiota activity with host metabolism highlights GPR42 as a potential target for therapeutic interventions aimed at improving metabolic health and reducing obesity-related diseases.