DNA Fragmentation Factor Subunit Alpha (DFFA) Protein

Background

DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha (DFFA) acts as the regulatory component of the DFF complex, forming a heterodimer with DFFB. DFFA functions primarily as an inhibitor of DFFB, maintaining it in an inactive state in healthy cells. Upon receiving apoptotic signals, caspases cleave DFFA, thereby releasing and activating DFFB. This cleavage event is a critical checkpoint in the apoptotic pathway, ensuring that DNA fragmentation occurs only during apoptosis. Beyond its role as a DFFB inhibitor, DFFA is implicated in nuclear condensation, which occurs concurrently with DNA fragmentation. Alterations in DFFA expression or function can influence the cell's ability to undergo programmed cell death, impacting both normal tissue homeostasis and disease processes, such as tumorigenesis or immune-related disorders.