ABT1 - Activator of Basal Transcription 1 | Elisa - Clia - Antibody - Protein

Background

ABT1 (Activator of Basal Transcription 1) is a protein involved in the regulation of gene expression by facilitating the initiation of transcription. It is a component of the pre-initiation complex (PIC), which assembles at the promoter region of genes to initiate transcription. ABT1 is essential for the recruitment of RNA polymerase II and other transcription factors to the promoter, thereby initiating the transcription process. Basal transcription of genes by RNA polymerase II requires the interaction of TATA-binding protein (TBP) and DNA with the core region of class II promoters. interaction with TBP and the class II promoter DNA, would activate basal transcription from class II promoters

Protein Structure

ABT1 is characterized by its structural features involved in transcription initiation:

• DNA-Binding Domain: ABT1 contains domains that enable it to bind to specific DNA sequences within gene promoters, facilitating its recruitment to transcription start sites.
• Transcription Activation Domain: This domain interacts with other components of the transcription machinery, promoting the assembly of the pre-initiation complex and enhancing transcriptional activity.

Classification and Subtypes

ABT1 is a single protein without known subtypes. Its role as an activator of basal transcription distinguishes it from other transcription factors involved in more specific regulatory processes.

Function and Biological Significance

ABT1 plays a critical role in gene expression regulation:

1. Transcription Initiation: ABT1 interacts with the promoter regions of genes to recruit RNA polymerase II and other transcription factors, initiating the assembly of the pre-initiation complex.
2. Basal Transcription Activation: As an activator of basal transcription, ABT1 enhances the efficiency of transcription initiation at gene promoters, contributing to the overall level of gene expression.
3. Gene Regulation: By modulating the recruitment of RNA polymerase II and other transcriptional regulators, ABT1 influences the transcriptional activity of target genes, thereby regulating their expression levels.

Interactions

ABT1 interacts with various components of the transcription machinery:

1. RNA Polymerase II: ABT1 recruits RNA polymerase II to gene promoters, initiating the transcription process.
2. Transcription Factors: ABT1 may interact with other transcription factors and co-activators to coordinate transcriptional regulation.
3. Chromatin Remodeling Complexes: ABT1 may interact with chromatin remodeling complexes to facilitate access to gene promoters and enhance transcriptional activity.

Clinical Issues

Dysregulation or dysfunction of ABT1 can have implications for gene expression and cellular physiology:

1. Gene Expression Disorders: Aberrant ABT1 activity may lead to dysregulated gene expression, contributing to disease states characterized by abnormal transcriptional profiles.
2. Developmental Disorders: Disruption of ABT1 function during development may affect the expression of genes essential for embryonic development and tissue differentiation, leading to developmental abnormalities.
3. Cancer: Altered ABT1 expression or activity may contribute to oncogenesis by affecting the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis.

Summary

ABT1, as an activator of basal transcription, plays a fundamental role in the regulation of gene expression by facilitating the initiation of transcription at gene promoters. Through its interactions with RNA polymerase II and other transcriptional regulators, ABT1 contributes to the assembly of the pre-initiation complex and enhances transcriptional activity at target genes. Dysregulation of ABT1 can have significant implications for gene expression and cellular physiology, potentially contributing to developmental disorders, cancer, and other pathological conditions.