ACTRT - Actin related protein T | Elisa - Clia - Antibody - Protein

Background

Actin Related protein T (ACTRT) is a member of the actin-related protein family, involved in cytoskeletal dynamics and cellular processes such as cell motility and structure. It shares sequence homology with conventional actins but differs in its expression pattern and functions. ACTRT plays a crucial role in regulating actin filament organization and dynamics, influencing various cellular functions including cell migration, adhesion, and intracellular trafficking. Dysregulation of ACTRT expression or function has been implicated in various pathological conditions, including cancer metastasis and developmental disorders. Despite being less studied compared to conventional actins, emerging research highlights the significance of ACTRT in cellular physiology and disease processes. Further investigation into its molecular mechanisms and interactions promises to provide valuable insights into its biological roles and potential therapeutic targets.

Protein Structure

The structure of ACTRT is similar to that of other actin-related proteins and actin itself, characterized by:

• ATP-Binding Site: Critical for its activity, similar to other actin family proteins.
• Actin-like Fold: A conserved three-dimensional structure that enables interactions with other proteins and cytoskeletal elements.
• Variable Regions: Specific regions that confer unique functional properties distinct from those of conventional actin and other ARPs.

Classification and Subtypes

ACTRT belongs to the broader family of actin-related proteins but is distinguished by specific sequence and functional attributes that define its unique classification:

• ACTRT1: Actin-related protein T1.
• ACTRT2: Actin-related protein T2.

These subtypes share core structural similarities but may differ in their tissue distribution and specific functional roles.

Function and Biological Significance

ACTRT proteins are involved in several important cellular functions:

1. Chromatin Remodeling: Similar to other ARPs, ACTRT may participate in complexes that regulate chromatin structure and gene expression, though specific complexes involving ACTRT are less well-characterized.
2. Cytoskeletal Dynamics: Contribute to the stability and reorganization of the cytoskeleton, influencing cell shape and motility.
3. Intracellular Transport: Potentially involved in the transport of vesicles and organelles within the cell, although specific roles in this context are not fully defined.
4. Cell Division: Play roles in mitosis and cytokinesis, ensuring proper segregation of chromosomes and cell division.

Interactions

ACTRT interacts with various cellular components, including:

1. Actin Filaments: May interact with actin filaments to modulate their dynamics and organization.
2. Chromatin Remodeling Complexes: Potential involvement in complexes that regulate DNA accessibility and transcription, although specific interactions are less well-documented compared to other ARPs.
3. Cytoskeletal Proteins: Interacts with proteins that maintain cell structure and facilitate movement.
4. Motor Proteins: Possibly interacts with motor proteins that drive intracellular transport along cytoskeletal tracks.
5. Signaling Molecules: Engages in pathways that regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and cellular responses to mechanical stress and other signals.

Clinical Significance

While specific clinical implications of ACTRT are less well-studied compared to other actin-related proteins, potential areas of impact include:

1. Cancer: Dysregulation of actin-related pathways, including those involving ACTRT, can contribute to cancer progression by affecting cell motility and metastasis.
2. Neurological Disorders: Abnormalities in cytoskeletal organization and intracellular transport can lead to neurological conditions.
3. Developmental Disorders: Mutations or dysregulation of ACTRT could potentially result in developmental abnormalities due to impaired cell motility and division.
4. Immune Function: ARPs play roles in immune cell motility and function, and disruptions in ACTRT may impact immune responses.

Summary

ACTRT encodes actin-related protein T, a member of the actin-related protein family with structural similarities to actin. ACTRT is involved in various cellular processes, including chromatin remodeling, cytoskeletal dynamics, intracellular transport, and cell division. Although less characterized than other ARPs, ACTRT plays essential roles in maintaining cellular integrity and function. Dysregulation or mutations in ACTRT can potentially contribute to various clinical conditions, including cancer, neurological disorders, and developmental abnormalities. Understanding the structure, function, interactions, and clinical implications of ACTRT provides valuable insights into its roles in cellular biology and potential therapeutic targets.