14-3-3 Protein Theta (YWHAQ) Protein

Background

YWHAQ, also known as 14-3-3 theta, functions as a scaffold protein that regulates signal transduction, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression by binding phosphorylated proteins. It interacts with signaling molecules involved in pathways such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and TGF-β, facilitating processes like cellular growth, survival, and differentiation. YWHAQ is abundantly expressed in neuronal tissues and skeletal muscle, where it plays a role in synaptic function, axonal transport, and cellular energy metabolism. It regulates neuroprotective pathways by stabilizing proteins involved in neuronal survival and oxidative stress responses. Dysregulation of YWHAQ is linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Huntington’s, where its dysfunction leads to impaired signaling and protein aggregation. In cancer, overexpression of YWHAQ promotes cell proliferation and migration through its effects on oncogenic signaling pathways. Knockout studies demonstrate defects in cell survival, impaired neuronal development, and altered metabolic responses, highlighting its role in neuroprotection, cellular stability, and disease regulation.