Transmembrane 4 L Six Family Member 1 (TM4SF1) Antibody

Background

Transmembrane 4 L6 family member 1 (TM4SF1) is a cell surface glycoprotein that belongs to the tetraspanin superfamily, characterized by four transmembrane domains and involvement in cell signaling, adhesion, migration, and proliferation. It is highly expressed in various cancers, including breast, lung, pancreatic, and prostate cancers, and is associated with tumor progression, metastasis, and poor prognosis. TM4SF1 plays a critical role in endothelial cell function and angiogenesis, influencing vascular remodeling and contributing to tumor vascularization. It interacts with integrins and growth factor receptors, modulating signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt and MAPK, which are critical for cell survival and migration. Its overexpression enhances the invasive potential of cancer cells and their ability to form metastatic colonies. TM4SF1 is also involved in exosome production and intercellular communication, facilitating the transfer of oncogenic signals within the tumor microenvironment. Its expression is tightly regulated by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, including microRNAs, which further modulate its function in both physiological and pathological conditions. As a cancer-associated antigen with limited expression in normal tissues, TM4SF1 is being explored as a potential therapeutic target, with antibody-drug conjugates and inhibitors showing promise in preclinical studies.