Recombinant Human AK3L1

Background

AK4, also localized in the mitochondrial matrix, is a catalytically inactive adenylate kinase homolog involved in stress response and ATP metabolism regulation. Despite lacking enzymatic activity, AK4 interacts with other AK isoforms to regulate energy homeostasis under stress conditions, including hypoxia or metabolic reprogramming. AK4 expression is elevated in some cancers, suggesting a role in tumor progression and survival. It functions in modulating mitochondrial dynamics and improving resistance to oxidative stress, particularly in high-metabolic tissues like the heart. AK4 has also been linked to cellular signaling pathways regulating apoptosis, energy metabolism, and DNA repair.