Melanopsin (OPN4) Antibody

Background

Melanopsin, encoded by the OPN4 gene, is a photoreceptor protein primarily found in intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) in the retina. Unlike other opsins, melanopsin is involved in non-visual light responses, such as the regulation of circadian rhythms and the pupillary light reflex. It is sensitive to light in the blue part of the spectrum and plays a significant role in maintaining the body’s internal clock by detecting ambient light and transmitting this information to the brain. This helps to regulate sleep-wake cycles, hormone production, and alertness. In addition to its role in circadian rhythm regulation, melanopsin also contributes to the constriction of the pupil in response to light exposure. Malfunction of melanopsin or its signaling pathways has been associated with circadian rhythm disorders, such as insomnia, as well as mood disorders like depression, particularly seasonal affective disorder. Research into melanopsin's role in light perception and its involvement in circadian biology continues to expand, offering potential therapeutic applications for sleep and mood disorders.