Human TNF Receptor Associated Factor 5 (TRAF5) Protein

Background

TRAF5 is a signaling adaptor protein that mediates pathways downstream of TNF receptors (TNFR), CD40, and BAFF-R, activating NF-κB and JNK to regulate inflammation, immune cell activation, and survival. TRAF5 plays a critical role in adaptive immune responses, particularly in T and B cell activation, cytokine production, and lymphoid tissue development. It works redundantly with TRAF2 to promote canonical NF-κB activation, ensuring appropriate immune responses to inflammatory and survival signals. TRAF5 is widely expressed in immune cells and epithelial tissues, where it supports cellular signaling during infections and tissue repair. Dysregulation of TRAF5 contributes to autoimmune diseases and inflammatory conditions, where altered NF-κB signaling enhances cytokine production and immune cell proliferation. Knockout studies reveal defects in lymphocyte activation, impaired cytokine signaling, and altered immune responses, highlighting its importance in immune regulation and inflammatory signaling.