Human Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type Q (PTPRQ) Protein

Background

PTPRQ is a receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase that plays critical roles in hair cell function, auditory processes, and cellular signaling. Structurally, PTPRQ contains extracellular domains, a single transmembrane region, and an intracellular phosphatase domain with enzymatic activity. It is primarily expressed in sensory hair cells of the inner ear, where it regulates the structure and function of stereocilia, specialized actin-rich projections responsible for mechanotransduction. PTPRQ is essential for maintaining hair cell integrity and hearing function by modulating phosphatidylinositol signaling and dephosphorylating key targets. Mutations in PTPRQ are associated with autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss, underscoring its importance in auditory physiology. Beyond the ear, PTPRQ also contributes to cellular adhesion, signaling, and cytoskeletal dynamics. Its dysfunction highlights its role in sensory processes and cellular regulation.