Human Neuropeptide Y Receptor Y5 (NPY5R) Protein

Background

NPY5R is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). It is primarily expressed in the hypothalamus and limbic system, where it regulates appetite, energy homeostasis, and stress responses. NPY5R couples to Gi/o proteins, inhibiting adenylate cyclase and reducing cAMP levels, leading to modulation of neuronal signaling and feeding behavior. Activation of NPY5R promotes appetite stimulation and energy storage, playing a critical role in obesity and metabolic disorders. NPY5R also contributes to stress-related behaviors, anxiety, and cardiovascular regulation. Dysregulation of NPY5R signaling is associated with hyperphagia, obesity, and mood disorders. NPY5R antagonists are being explored as therapeutic agents to suppress appetite and reduce body weight in obesity. Its involvement in feeding behavior, stress regulation, and energy balance highlights NPY5R as a potential target for treating obesity, metabolic syndrome, and related mood disorders.