Human Myeloproliferative Leukemia Virus Oncogene (MPL) Protein

Background

MPL, also known as the thrombopoietin receptor, is a critical component in hematopoiesis, particularly for the regulation and production of platelets. It is the cellular receptor for thrombopoietin (TPO), a hormone produced primarily by the liver that promotes the proliferation and maturation of megakaryocytes, the precursors to platelets. MPL is a member of the type I cytokine receptor family and is essential for maintaining platelet counts within physiological ranges. Its activity regulates not only the production of platelets but also has implications in stem cell maintenance and self-renewal within the hematopoietic system. MPL is encoded by the MPL gene located on chromosome 1 (1p34) in humans. Mutations in this gene are associated with various myeloproliferative disorders and hematological diseases, including essential thrombocythemia, primary myelofibrosis, and certain leukemias. Due to its central role in platelet production and stem cell maintenance, MPL is a significant focus of research for understanding hematopoietic disorders and developing targeted therapies.