Human Melanin Concentrating Hormone Receptor 1 (MCHR1) Protein

Background

MCHR1 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activated by melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), a neuropeptide involved in energy homeostasis, feeding behavior, and emotional regulation. MCHR1 is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in regions such as the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex, where it mediates the effects of MCH on appetite stimulation, energy storage, and mood regulation. MCHR1 primarily signals through Gi/o proteins, inhibiting adenylate cyclase activity and reducing cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels, while also activating MAPK and calcium signaling pathways. Dysregulation of MCHR1 is associated with obesity, metabolic disorders, and psychiatric conditions, such as depression and anxiety, due to its role in regulating energy balance and mood. Pharmacological antagonists of MCHR1 are being developed as potential treatments for obesity by suppressing appetite and reducing energy storage, while agonists may have applications in mood disorders. MCHR1’s involvement in feeding, energy metabolism, and emotional regulation highlights its therapeutic significance in metabolic and neurological disorders.