Human Leukocyte Associated Immunoglobulin Like Receptor 1 (LAIR1) Protein

Background

Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 (LAIR1) is a critical immune regulatory receptor found primarily on leukocytes. It belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and functions predominantly as an inhibitory receptor that helps modulate immune responses to prevent overactivation and maintain immune homeostasis. LAIR1 is expressed on a wide array of immune cells, including T cells, B cells, NK cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells, where it plays a fundamental role in dampening immune cell activation to limit inflammation and protect against autoimmune reactions. The receptor primarily interacts with collagen and collagen-like ligands, commonly found in extracellular matrix proteins, which allows it to exert inhibitory signals in tissues rich in collagen. LAIR1’s role as an inhibitory receptor has garnered significant attention for its involvement in regulating immune cell activation, migration, and cytokine production. This regulatory function is crucial in autoimmune diseases, where loss of LAIR1 function can lead to unchecked immune responses. Additionally, its expression on a wide range of immune cells allows it to coordinate responses across both the innate and adaptive immune systems, and it has also been implicated in cancer immunology, particularly regarding how tumors may exploit LAIR1 signaling to evade immune detection.