Human Interleukin 1 Receptor Accessory Protein Like Protein 2 (IL1RAPL2) Protein

Background

IL1RAPL2 is a structurally related protein in the IL-1 receptor family that exhibits specialized functions in neuronal signaling, synaptic development, and immune regulation. It shares similarities with IL1RAP but has distinct patterns of expression, being predominantly found in developing neurons and immune cells. IL1RAPL2 interacts with downstream effectors to regulate cytokine signaling, dendritic spine formation, and synaptic plasticity, influencing neurodevelopment and immune modulation. In neurons, IL1RAPL2 promotes excitatory synapse formation and dendrite maturation, which are critical for cognitive function, neuronal communication, and brain connectivity. Dysregulation or mutations in IL1RAPL2 have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities, where altered neuronal connectivity and synaptic function contribute to cognitive impairment and behavioral deficits. Knockdown models exhibit reduced synaptic development, defective dendritic growth, and impaired immune signaling, highlighting its importance in balancing neurodevelopment, synaptic organization, and immune responses.