Human Interleukin 1 Receptor Accessory Protein (IL1RAP) Protein

Background

IL1RAP is a coreceptor that amplifies the interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling cascade, which mediates inflammatory, immune, and stress responses. It forms a complex with the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) and IL-1 ligand, facilitating the recruitment of the adaptor protein MyD88 and downstream activation of NF-κB, MAPK, and JNK pathways. These pathways lead to the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and immune mediators critical for host defense. IL1RAP is widely expressed in immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells, playing pivotal roles in acute and chronic inflammatory responses, immune surveillance, and tissue repair. Beyond immunity, IL1RAP is overexpressed in cancers such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and solid tumors, where it enhances tumor proliferation and survival by supporting inflammatory microenvironments. Its role as a therapeutic target in inflammation and oncology is under investigation. Knockdown studies demonstrate impaired IL-1 signaling, reduced cytokine production, and weakened immune activation, underscoring its role as a crucial signaling scaffold in inflammation, immunity, and disease pathology.