Human Brother of CDO Homolog (BOC) Protein

Background

BOC is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily and functions as a cell surface receptor involved in cell adhesion, axon guidance, and myogenic differentiation. It is predominantly expressed in neural and muscle tissues, where it interacts with other cell adhesion molecules and receptors to facilitate cell-cell communication and signaling. BOC plays a crucial role in the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway by acting as a co-receptor for Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), enhancing its signaling and influencing developmental processes such as neural tube patterning and limb formation. Dysregulation of BOC has been linked to aberrant cell proliferation and migration, implicating its role in cancer progression and metastasis. Structurally, BOC contains multiple Ig-like domains and fibronectin type III repeats, which mediate its interactions with extracellular ligands and intracellular signaling molecules. Studies have shown that BOC modulates the balance between cell proliferation and differentiation, particularly in myogenic and neuronal contexts. It is also implicated in synaptic development and plasticity, supporting its diverse functional roles. Emerging research highlights its potential as a therapeutic target in cancers where Hedgehog signaling is dysregulated, such as basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma.