Human Androgen Receptor (AR) Protein

Background

Androgen receptor (AR) is a nuclear receptor that mediates the effects of androgens, the male sex hormones, by regulating gene expression AR plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of male sexual characteristics, as well as in the regulation of muscle mass, bone density, and red blood cell production It functions by binding to androgen hormones, such as testosterone, and translocating into the nucleus, where it interacts with DNA to regulate the transcription of target genes involved in cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism AR is essential for normal male development, including the formation of the male reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics During adulthood, AR helps maintain prostate function, muscle mass, and bone density Mutations in the AR gene can lead to a variety of disorders, including androgen insensitivity syndrome, prostate cancer, and certain types of hair loss, where abnormal AR signaling contributes to disease development AR is also a therapeutic target for androgen-related diseases, including prostate cancer, where therapies aim to block or modulate AR activity