Human Alcohol Dehydrogenase 7 (Class IV), Mu Or Sigma Polypeptide (ADH7) Protein

Background

ADH7, also known as retinol dehydrogenase 3, is a member of the class IV alcohol dehydrogenase family and is predominantly expressed in the stomach, esophagus, and liver. Unlike other ADH enzymes, ADH7 shows higher activity towards retinol and long-chain alcohols, playing a critical role in retinoic acid biosynthesis, which is essential for cellular differentiation and growth. Its ability to oxidize ethanol is comparatively limited, but it has significant involvement in detoxifying aromatic and aliphatic alcohols, including those derived from dietary sources. ADH7 is highly relevant in protecting mucosal tissues from alcohol-induced damage, particularly in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Genetic polymorphisms affecting ADH7 activity have been linked to variations in susceptibility to alcohol-related cancers, such as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, due to differences in acetaldehyde accumulation and oxidative stress. Its role in retinoid metabolism also underscores its significance in regulating developmental and immune processes.