Human Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1A (ADH1A) Protein

Background

ADH1A is a member of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) family, specifically the alpha subunit of the class I ADH enzymes, which are expressed primarily in the liver and gastrointestinal tract. These enzymes catalyze the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes, playing a central role in the metabolism of ethanol and other substrates such as retinol and hydroxysteroids. ADH1A contributes to the initial step of alcohol metabolism, enabling the conversion of ethanol into acetaldehyde, which is subsequently metabolized by aldehyde dehydrogenase. Its expression is critical for detoxification and energy production pathways. Genetic polymorphisms in ADH1A can affect enzyme activity, influencing an individual's alcohol tolerance and susceptibility to alcohol-related diseases such as liver cirrhosis and alcohol dependence. Beyond ethanol metabolism, ADH1A is also involved in retinoid metabolism, highlighting its broader role in cellular signaling and development.