Human Adenylate Kinase 3 (AK3) Protein

Background

AK3 is localized within the mitochondrial matrix and utilizes GTP as a phosphate donor instead of ATP, distinguishing it from other AK isoforms. AK3 primarily supports mitochondrial nucleotide exchange, particularly during periods of cellular energy stress. It is abundant in tissues with high-energy demands, such as the brain, liver, and kidneys. AK3 contributes to mitochondrial respiration by facilitating ADP recycling necessary for oxidative phosphorylation. Knockout studies demonstrate that AK3 deficiency disrupts ATP synthesis and exacerbates oxidative stress, which can contribute to neurodegenerative conditions. AK3 has also been implicated in regulating mitochondrial dynamics and maintaining redox balance.