Human Actinin Alpha 4 (ACTN4) Protein

Background

ACTN4 encodes alpha-actinin-4, a non-muscle isoform of the actinin family that plays a critical role in cellular motility, adhesion, and signal transduction. It is widely expressed in various tissues, where it crosslinks actin filaments and interacts with focal adhesion proteins to regulate cytoskeletal organization and mechanotransduction. ACTN4 is particularly important in podocytes of the kidney, where it contributes to the maintenance of glomerular filtration barrier integrity. Mutations in ACTN4 are associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), a kidney disease characterized by proteinuria and progressive renal failure. In addition to its structural role, ACTN4 is implicated in cancer metastasis and cell invasion, reflecting its involvement in dynamic cellular processes. Its diverse functions in cytoskeletal dynamics and signal regulation highlight its importance in cellular stability and adaptability.